A Report On Olympic Games

A Report On Olympic Games Every four years, millions of people turn their attention to one city where Olympic Games take place. Almost all major cities compete for the right to be the host city of the next Olympic Games. It is highly competitive competition as Olympics bring attention and spectators which provide huge revenue to the host city. However, for the host city Olympic Games begin much earlier as it takes years to prepare and organize such project. It is clear that no city in the world can host Olympics next day after being chosen. Further, this essay will observe election procedure of the host city and state main requirements of the IOC for the host city. In 1999 the new host city election procedure was confirmed by the IOC (International Olympic Committee). According to this procedure, the cities are checked for the appropriateness of the basic technical requirements. Then the cities which are passed through IOC Executive Board become candidate cities and permitted to pass to bidding process. During this process IOC Evaluation Commission visits and inspects all candidate cities. Eventually at the IOC session the host city will be chosen (John E. Findling: 265). The host city election procedure is complicated due to heavy responsibility which lies down on shoulders of both host city and the IOC. To prevent any kind of mistakes during Olympic Games the IOC has several technical requirements such as: Transport concept. Environmental conditions. Accommodation. Experience from the past sport events. Sport venues. Finance. (Factsheet. Host city election facts and figures. (www.olympic.org). Leicesters transport concept includes transport systems within the city, East Midlands Airport and the Railway station. Special departments regulate the Leicesters traffic situation. Different IT systems and CCTV cameras provide a real time picture of the traffic situation within the Leicester. Digital Car Park Signs give all the information about available car park spaces throughout the city centre. In addition, there is a â€Å"Star Trak† information system which provides â€Å"next bus† information via signs at bus stops (Leicester City Council. Transport and streets). All these technologies support efficient traffic flow and ensure safety for both pedestrians and drivers. Visitors will find these facilities useful for them. However, the main problem is that how spectators from every corner of the world will come to the Leicester. The city is served by single railway station and East Midlands Airport which in addition works for Derbyshire and Nottinghamshire. Moreove r, East Midlands serves domestic and European destinations with only few flights to holiday resorts (UK Airport Guide. East Midlands Airport). This means that more railway stations and international airport are needed to meet all the quests. In contrast, Beijing spent more than $4bn to build a new airport terminal and extra subway lines (Bristow M. BBC news). Apart from this, nearly  £80m will be spent to improve Docklands Light Railway (DLR) network in London. In addition, London will invest more than  £900 million to East London Line which will link the Olympic Park with the city. Line will connect with the DLR, Jubilee and District line and the North London Line (London 2012.Transport). In fact, even more developed cities than Leicester are forced to improve their transport systems due to Olympic Games. The second criterion of the IOC is the environmental condition of the future Olympic city. This requirement can be fully satisfied by Leicester as it became Britains first â€Å"Environment city† in 1990 and was among twelve cities which took part in the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro in 1992 (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning). Since then Leicester keeps high standards of environmental conditions. For example, Leicester City Council uses the Eco-Management and Audit Scheme (EMAS), which helps to conserve environmental standards. As well as the EMAS, Leicester City Councils Environmental Policy plays vital role in maintaining and improving high environmental conditions in the city. The targets of this policy are reduction of carbon footprint, prevention of pollution, protection of trees and natural environment and promotion of using renewable energy. Throughout this policy Leicester City Council encourages the public to protect environment where possible (Leices ter City Council. Environment and planning). Furthermore, Leicester city achieved significant results in recycling of wastes. In partnership with Biffa Leicester the city of Leicester created the â€Å"Ball Mill† recycling facility which can recycle more than 70% of household waste from landfill. By this facility Leicester can recycle and compost nearly 33% of all wastes in the city (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning). Taking in consideration all these facts Leicester can be proud of their environmental condition, whereas Beijing invested nearly $20.5bn over the past 10 years to improve environmental situation during the preparations for Olympic Games (Bristow M. BBC News). Further, this essay will observe housing facilities where visitors can reside during Olympics. It goes without saying that the host city meets thousands of tourists coming for Olympic Games. In 2008, Beijing registered almost 382,000 overseas visitors. Organizers expected to meet 500,000 visitors, but visa controls decreased that number (www.2008gamesbeijing.com). Therefore Leicester should have enough rooms to reside between 300,000 400.000 tourists. According to Leicester City Council there are nearly 26 hotels with more than 2000 rooms in Leicester. In addition, partnership with University of Leicester can provide additional 3096 rooms (Leicester City Council. Environment and planning. 2012 Preparation camps). As a result, there are more than 5200 rooms in total available for upcoming visitors. Of course it is not enough to reside more than 300,000 tourists, therefore more accommodation facilities should be build. For example, London offers 100,000 hotel rooms and nearly 30,000 beds in student accommodations to welcome all the visitors during Games (London 2012. accommodat ion). Experience of organising sport events is important as well as other technical requirements. Leicester has hosted Special Olympics GB Summer Games two times (Leicester City Council. Sports and fitness). 2700 athletes from 19 UK regions took part in 21 sports during Special Olympics 2009 (Special Olympics 2009). Actually, this is invaluable experience, but organisation of Olympic Games requires the hosting of 26 sports with more than 300,000 participants including athletes and spectators (London 2012. Games). In previous paragraphs this essay mentioned different features of the Leicester except sport venues which are directly connected with Olympic Games. There are might be hundreds of hotels, railway stations and airports in the host city, but without appropriate sport facilities the city will not host Olympics. Leicester has different sport venues, including Saffron Lane Athletics Stadium, Braunstone Leisure Centre and sport facilities of Leicester Grammar School. These venues contain modern facilities for badminton, tae-kwon-do, swimming, basketball and etc. However all of them have been already offered as pre-gaming training camps for athletes coming to London 2012 Olympic Games (Leicester City Council. 2012 Preparation camps). In comparison, Beijing has built 12 new stadiums which required $1.9bn (Bristow M. BBC News). As well as Beijing, London is building completely new Olympic Park which will contain nine sport venues including Olympic Stadium, the Aquatic Centre, the VeloPark and etc (London 2012. Venues). After all, it is clear that present sport facilities of the Leicester should be improved by financial support. Financial part of the Olympic project plays significant role in organising Olympic Games. The major cities like Beijing and Athens have spent $40bn and $16bn respectively to host Olympics. Apart from this, London has already invested $22.6bn for 2012 Olympic Games (Bristow M. BBC News). In contrast, according to Leicester City Council budget of Leicester in 2008/09 was  £779,788,900. In other words, Leicester should find more funding to host Olympic Games. Finally, I think that Leicester does not have clear disadvantages in contrast with other cities. However it will take more time and investments to host Olympics in Leicester than in Beijing or London. References: Findling J. E. Pelle D. K. (2004:265). Encyclopedia of modern Olympic movement. Westport: Greenwood Press. Extracted 01/02/2010 from, http://books.google.com/books?id=QmXi_-Jujj0Cprintsec=frontcoverdq=encyclopedia+of+modern+Olympic+movementhl=rucd=1#v=onepageq=f=false Bristow M. BBC News, Beijing. 31/07/2008. Extracted 29/01/2010 from, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/asia-pacific/7523235.stm Extracted 29/01/2010 www.multimedia.olympic.org/pdf/en_repert_1191.pdf Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/transport-traffic/transport-systems/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/transport-traffic/transport-systems/digital-car-park-signs/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://airport-maps.co.uk/uk-airport-directory/east-midlands-airport/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.london2012.com/making-it-happen/transport/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/environment-city/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/environmental-policy/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/the-environment/recycling/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://2008gamesbeijing.com/beijing-has-652-million-visitors-for-the-olympics/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/ep/planning/plansandpolicy/hotels-information/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/sports-services/news-update-2007/2012camps/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.london2012.com/visiting/accommodation/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/your-council-services/lc/sports-services/news-update-2007/special-olympics-2009/ Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.sol2009.com/home/sports.html Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.london2012.com/games/olympic-sports/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.london2012.com/games/venues/index.php Extracted 29/01/2010 http://www.leicester.gov.uk/accounts/accounts0809.pdf Extracted 29/01/2010

Annual Day Speech

A very warm good evening to all the wonderful people present today†¦ Its pleasure to start this auspicious occasion by heartily welcoming every body.. I hearty welcome our Honorable Chief guest, Our Principal, Dear Teachers, and my fellow- friends†¦ Its wonderful to see such amazing gathering once in a happy year.Today we all have gathers here for the annual day celebration. I welcome everybody with all my pleasant greetings, and I wish the celebration makes you smile and cheer you up with full of joy and entertainment. Thank you I would like to call upon our respected Principal, the sculptor of human character, a seasoned scholar and navigator of this flagship of knowledge to present a brief agenda and give the college/university presentation.Now we'll have our religious ceremony. Our beloved Holy Prophet (PBUH). The life of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) was a life of grand success. In his high moral qualities, his spiritual power, his high resolve, the excellence and perfection of his teaching, his perfect example and the acceptance of his prayers. in short, in every aspect of his life he exhibited such bright signs that even a person of low intelligence provided he is not inspired by unreasonable rancour and enmity is forced to confess that he was a perfect example of the manifestation of Divine qualities and was a perfect man.I would Like to call upon Mr(†¦) to recite naat in praise of Our beloved Holy Prophet (PBUH)†¦ I would like to call upon our respected Principal, the sculptor of human character, a seasoned scholar and navigator of this flagship of knowledge to present a brief agenda and give the college/university presentation.

Leaves And Survivor Essay - 2472 Words

A novel is often defined as â€Å"an invented prose narrative that is usually long and complex and deals especially with human experience through a usually connected sequence of events.† ( ) The basis of a novel is very broad and features many different types of writing styles and genres throughout time. Novels such as House of Leaves and Survivor are written in a different way than White Noise, but all still follow the basic framework of a novel. What binds the different types of novels together is the elements presented within them. They all feature many of the same literary techniques and literary elements. Even though some novels contain different styles of writing and different stories, they are all still considered a novel. Fiction narratives written in prose can be seen dating back to Rome and Greece. How does one differentiate from those written in ancient times and those written in the eighteenth century? Ian Watt in his book The Rise of the Novel says that realism is the major thing that separates the two. ( ) He looked to many historians and novelists and says â€Å"they have seen realism as the defining characteristic which differentiates the work of the early eighteenth century novelists from previous fiction.† ( ) With this, he says that the novel officially began in the eighteenth century. Agreeing with Watt, the English Department at Brooklyn College says â€Å"Cervantes Don Quixote †¦ explores the role of illusion and reality in life and was the single mostShow MoreRelatedThe Washington State Coalition Against Domestic Violence Essay1545 Words   |  7 PagesDomestic Violence (WSCADV, n.d.) provides training for advocates of domestic violence (DV) survivors and their families. This paper reflects my experiences as I worked through the first three sections of training: the history of the DV movement; the key requirements of DV advocacy; and safety planning. 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John D. Rockefeller Essay - 1337 Words

The Rockefellers feared the temptations of wealth, yet a visitor once described their estate as the kind of place God would have built if only he’d had the money. They amassed a fortune that outraged a Democratic nation, then gave it all away reshaping America. They were the closest thing the country had to a royal family, but the Rockefellers shunned the public eye. For decades, the Rockefeller name was despised in America, associated with John D. Rockefeller Sr.’s feared monopoly, Standard Oil. By the end of his life, Rockefeller had given away half of his fortune. But even his vast philanthropy could not erase the memory of his predatory business practices. Who was Rockefeller? Was he a ruthless businessman who only wanted to†¦show more content†¦It was at that point that John D. began to conceive of the oil industry as one big interrelated mechanism. And you couldnt just change one component, you had to control the entire machine. In a move that would transform the American economy, Rockefeller set out to replace a world of independent oilmen with a giant company controlled by him. In l870, begging bankers for more loans, he formed Standard Oil of Ohio. The next year, he quietly put what he called our plan -- his campaign to dominate the volatile oil industry - into devastating effect. Rockefeller knew that the refiner with the lowest transportation cost could bring rivals to their knees. He entered into a secret alliance with the railroads called the South Improvement Company. In exchange for large, regular shipments, Rockefeller and his allies secured transport rates far lower than those of their bewildered competitors. John D. Rockefeller said, The day of combination is here to stay. Individualism is gone forever, never to return (Hawke 128). 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Critical Analysis of Poetry - Sonnet 14 - 995 Words

English Advanced Assessment Task 3 Critical Study of Poetry If thou must love me, let it be for nought Except for love’s sake only. Do not say ‘I love her for her smile-her look-her way Of speaking gently, -for a trick of thought That falls in well with mine, and certes brought A sense of pleasant ease on such a day’- For these things in themselves, Beloved, may Be changed, or change for thee, -and love, so wrought, May be unwrought so. Neither love me for Thine own dear pity’s wiping my cheeks dry, - A creature might forget to weep, who bore Thy comfort long, and lose thy love nearby! But love me for love’s sake, that evermore Thou mayst love on, through love’s eternity. Does love have the ability to last for†¦show more content†¦The man is clearly in love with her, he just needs to find a way to express his feelings. Throughout the poem the persona is uncertain of the feeling her lover has towards her. She is unsure whether to trust this man and commit herself fully to him. If she decides to leave him she may save herself heartache, but she also may miss out on what could have been the best moments in her life. She is also hoping the man is simply not loving her out of pity. The persona does not want to be loved for the superficial qualities that can change and are unreliable. She wishes to be loved for love’s sake, as she believes this is the only love that can last for eternity. Love is usually perceived as something wonderful that has the ability to last a lifetime, and war is quite often thought of as a physical battle. This poem shows that love and war can be one in the same. You cannot experience the joys of love without experiencing the pain of war. I also believe that you do not have a choice who you fall in love with and if you love someone enough you can always make it work. The poem ‘Sonnet 14’ shows that love does have the ability to last for eternity, if both people are willing to fully commit themselves to the relationship. Barrett Browning conveys this throughout the poem as well as proving the point that to be human is to experience the paradox of love and war. You haven’t lived if you haven’t experienced the passion andShow MoreRelatedWilliam Shakespeare s Sonnet 181231 Words   |  5 PagesShakespearean sonnets are famous for conveying the most famous of love poems; they consist of three quatrains that are written in iambic pentameter. Shakespeare deviates from the regular iamb pattern of one unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable to represent the effect of time and how it is limited by mortality. William Shakespeare’s Sonnet 18 illustrates the theme of immortalization and how Shakespeare eternally captures his love for poetry. It is in his ability to immortalize hisRead Morecritical appreciation 1066 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Critical appreciation of a poem is defined as the critical reading of a poem. 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Take the matter of being born. What does being born mean to mostpeople? Catastrophe unmitigated. Socialrevolution. The cultured aristocrat yanked out of his hyperexclusively ultravoluptuous superpalazzoRead MoreThe, Invisible Man, And Bridged With Frye s Interpretation From The Mind And The Individual Talent Essay2123 Words   |  9 Pagesto Melancholy and Ode to a Nightingale poetry from the romantic period. He uses descriptive imagery, from Ode To A Nightingale â€Å"...Not charioted by Bacchus and his pards but on the viewless wings of Poesy though the dull brain perplexes and retards..†(Keats lines 31-34). The description is that he the narrator wants to fly with the nightingale instead of ensuing help of a Greek god, and that he wants to transcend himself as well as be immortal through poetry in the human world. Such as in my poem

Educating On Obesity And Exercise Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

There are two types of metabolic reactions, catabolic and anabolic which fundamentally mean to interrupt down and construct up. This is of import when looking at exercising and the construct of firing fat and edifice of musculus. During exercising energy is released when big molecules are broken down into smaller 1s. We will write a custom essay sample on Educating On Obesity And Exercise Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now This is called the katabolic reaction. The energy is so used during the anabolic reaction to construct up complex molecules needed by the organic structure to keep life and develop new tissue. A individual ‘s metamorphosis establishes the rate at which the organic structure burns Calories and how rapidly weight is gained or lost. The higher a individual ‘s metamorphosis is, the quicker they will lose weight. Using the construct of anabolic and katabolic reactions, the short term weight loss is best achieved by aerophilic exercising to interrupt down molecules into energy that the organic structure can utilize to construct musculus. Muscle burns more Calories than fat, so the edifice of musculus will hike a individual ‘s metamorphosis in the long term and increase the sum of Calories burned. A After any type of surgery, the organic structure is susceptible to infection. Clostridium perfringens infections have a high mortality rate. This being multiplies in the myometrium and can distribute to the womb and circulatory system to go a systemic infection if non treated rapidly. It can do serious jobs such as myometriosis which may take to sterility. Surgical intercession such as a hysterectomy may be performed early nevertheless, for a patient that is merely 33 old ages old this may be lay waste toing. 3. Stephanie and Daryl Donnelly are both 31 old ages old and would wish to get down a household. Stephanie has a household history of Duchenne muscular dystrophy and admirations what the impact will be in footings of her ain kids holding the disease. The twosome has come to the clinic to discourse their options. I would explicate to the twosome that although Stephanie does non hold symptoms of the disease, she may be a bearer. Duchenne muscular dystrophy is an familial disease where males are more likely to develop symptoms than are adult females. The boies of females who are bearers of the disease each have a 50 % opportunity of holding the disease. The girls each have a 50 % opportunity of being bearers. If the account of the disease was indicated, I would discourse the class of the disease, clinical manifestations, life anticipation and the effects on the kid and health professionals. I would rede familial guidance since Stephanie has a household history of the upset. A Although there is no remedy for this disease, the familial mutant has been identified. This can let for a more informed determination as to whether the twosome wants to travel frontward with get downing a household. Stephanie can undergo DNA analysis of blood samples to set up bearer position of the mutant. Besides, antenatal diagnosing is possible as early as12 hebdomads by trying chorionic villi. If the sample was positive for the cistron mutant, the household would hold adequate clip to fix for the kid or the option to end the gestation. This would be a hard determination either manner, but with current research at the least the household would cognize prior to the birth of the kid. If a kid is born affected by the disease, ongoing research is being conducted to diminish the badness of the symptoms. These include root cell replacing therapy, exon-skipping, linear up-regulation and cistron replacing, every bit good as drug therapy to decelerate disease patterned advance. 4. The households of two kids are concerned about the integrating of their kids into the local junior high school. Melissa, age 13, has Turner syndrome, and Timothy, age 14, has Klinefelter syndrome. The households are non related. They approach the community wellness nurse for counsel. Adolescence and the demand to â€Å" suit in † create fright and anxiousness in most adolescents. The organic structure is traveling through emotional, physical, and hormonal alterations. Adolescents are concerned about their outward appearance.A Some of the most of import elements to discourse with the household about Turner syndrome are the physical alterations that develop in females. Females with this status be given to be shorter than mean misss of the same age. They besides may hold excess tegument on the cervix dropsical custodies and pess and skeletal abnormalcies. Other medical jobs that may originate from Turner syndrome may include bosom mutters, high blood force per unit area and kidney jobs. About 10 per centum of misss develop scoliosis or an under-active thyroid. The ovaries of females with Turner syndrome do non bring forth estrogen and Lipo-Lutin. Tiffany will non develop chests or get down her period unless she is treated with endocrine therapy. Although sterility may non be an issue during adolescence, this should be addressed as Tiffany ages as the ovaries are non-functional due to the disease. Although non all males with Klinefelter syndrome have the same symptoms, I would turn to the physical, linguistic communication and societal facets of the status. As Timothy is considered pubescent adolescent, he will non do as much testosterone as other male childs. This may ensue in less musculus mass and less facial and organic structure hair than other boys his age. He may besides hold wider hips, larger chests and lower energy degrees. A big per centum of males have some kind of linguistic communication jobs, such as reading, treating spoken linguistic communication and showing ideas and demands efficaciously. From a societal point of view these male childs tend to be quiet and diffident. They may fight in school and athleticss, which may ensue in trouble adjustment in with their equals. 5. Margaret, age 3, has merely taken a bath. She wants to demo her ma a new fast one that she ‘s learned and bends rearward. As Margaret extends rearward, her female parent notices a big, stick outing mass from her venters. Her female parent instantly takes Margaret to the local clinic for farther appraisal. A I would discourse the most common tumours found in kids, and other possible causes of the mass such as hernia, ascites. The possibility of a hernia may bring forth no symptoms but have the hazard of going an exigency state of affairs if it becomes strangulated. Besides, I would discourse scrutinies, diagnostic proving such as CT scans, lab draws, and echography. If indicated more testing of blood, bone marrow may be done if malignance is suspected. 6. Mary, 82 old ages old, lives in a residential senior attention place. Her household has noticed the following bit by bit happening over the past hebdomad: agitation, crossness, and confusion ; musculus vellication of appendages ; and ailments of being thirsty all the clip, even after imbibing. They have noticed that her urinary catheter bag does n’t hold every bit much fluid in it, and she looks flushed at times. Mary has had frequent episodes of diarrhoea. The nursing staff drew blood for complete blood count ( CBC ) , serum osmolarity, and electrolytes and has been supervising her BP and bosom rate every 4 hour. Her BP has ranged from 86/60 to 88/66, and her pulse scope is 105 to 118 and regular. The staff besides reviewed her medicine profile and discovered that Mary received two excess doses of lactulose that were non ordered. 7. Vanessa, age 33 old ages, is a individual female parent of two adolescent misss and works as a director full clip with a fiscal investing house. She has merely enrolled in an MBA plan part-time. She comes to the exigency section today because her â€Å" bosom has been rushing for about 30 proceedingss. † She was at place working on her first assignment and making house work in between. Her girls were inquiring for money to purchase some new school apparels when she says she merely â€Å" lost it † and get downing shouting at them. The nurse placed her on the bosom proctor, and Vanessa ‘s beat showed sinus tachycardia at a rate of 142/min. Vanessa has no other symptoms. A Stress is about impossible to extinguish, but with good techniques it can be successfully managed. I would discourse with Vanessa some ways to director her emphasis such as inquiring her kids to assist with family jobs, and perchance acquiring occupations. This would assist the misss with money to purchase their ain school apparels and give Vanessa some quiet clip to analyze. Meditation, deep external respiration and yoga may assist Vanessa loosen up when holding nerve-racking minutes. She may besides seek a warm bath, loosen uping music or taking a walk outside. Although she is busy with kids, work and school, everyone needs clip to loosen up. Just a five minute interruption may be all person needs when they feel a nerve-racking minute coming. How to cite Educating On Obesity And Exercise Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Civil Liabilities Act.

Question: Discuss about the Civil Liabilities Act. Answer: While playing golf in a weekend golf competition, John is hit by a golf ball shot by Peter. The regrettable act happened while a lousy shot from Peter failed to reach target and hit John. In normal circumstances, Peter would have been required to call out fore rather than the watch out John phrase that he said. The Golf club, on the other hand, had put an exclusion clause at the back of the scorecard which had been handed to Allan. The Exclusion clause was in written in some small writing. In analyzing the culpability of the Golf Club and Peter as an individual, it is essential to have an overview of the essential elements of liability as provided for in case law and statute. In the case of Tame v State of New South Wales[1], much of the suits and corresponding issues that face defendants in matters of liability is the plague of misplaced and falsely regarded reasonable foreseeability. This means that most defendants previously had little expectation that they could be sued for some liabilities. This means that the Golf Club, in this context, had little expectation of such an incident. Even if they had some remote idea about it, they had put it in writing- but sadly in small writing. To make it worse, the writing was at the back of the scorecard. Such a warning would have instead been displayed at some conspicuous place where each competition participant would easily read and recognize[2]. As a result, the Club is liable for the injury suffered by John. In the case of Nagle v Rottnest Island Authority[3], a public authority had been sued for negligence. A diver had supposedly not been warned of the presence for rock under the water in the swimming area at Rottnest Basin. Inasmuch as it is commonplace knowledge of the rocks especially to the local residents- the High Court still found it an act of negligence on the part of the concerned public authority to have failed to install and display warnings to that effect. Nevertheless, John- while on the quest to sue the Golf Club- should be wary of the usual pitfalls that befall plaintiffs who fail to adequately prove their point beyond reasonable doubt. In the case of Woods v Multi-Sport Holdings Pty Ltd[4], a claim for damages by a cricket sports participant was dismissed. The claim was premised n the argument that the owner of venue of the game had acted negligently by failing to warn participants that by participating, they were exposing themselves to possible eye injury[5]. The High Court held that by opting to participate in sporting activities, participants are naturally expected to be aware of the corresponding dangers and risks. As a result, the suit was thrown out. Similarly, the High Court, in Commissioner of Main Roads v Jones[6] ruled that as is the case with sportsmen and the associated risks of their various endeavors, so is the case with drivers who drive in the remote locations in Western Australia. The roads in these places were unfenced and drivers would logically be expected to be wary of straying animals. Armed with this, drivers would then be expected to drive with due cautiousness without which damages and injuries resulting there from would be hard to sustain in furtherance of possible claims in court. In lieu of the foregoing, then John needs to analyze his options well before advancing claims for damages. To begin with, john is involved in a potentially risky sporting event. It is a matter of presumption that hes participation in the game comes with associated risks such as injuries resulting from falls or being hit by the golf ball. As result, this becomes the potential grounds within which his claims for damages could be thrown away. In the same vein, Johns claims against Paul could suffer the same fate if due care is not taken to ensure that what he advances as a claim falls perhaps- under personal negligence of Paul. Reprieve comes in, however, at the point where john has to prove- beyond reasonable doubt- that the culpability of the Golf Club comes in for failure to display its warning message at some place that it would be easier to access and read. For instance, the Clubs choice of writing at the back, and in small writings makes it harder for any participant to have read the warning message[7]. Further, the fact that it was handed to just one of the participants does not in any way mean that it would be read by all. Sally makes a purchase of a ducted air conditioning unit from Breezeway Pty Ltd. Breezeway is a supplier firm, dealing with the supply of residential and industrial air conditioning units. Conflicts arise when the unit that Sally bought develops mechanical malfunctioning. The problems persist even after continued repairs. One conspicuous issue to note is the fact that the problem keeps occurring is repeatedly related to fuses. When, at last, Breezeway distances themselves from demands by Sally to replace the unit of make refunds, the Company makes rebuttals to the effect that they are not the actual manufacturers nor are they able to do anything given the fact that the warrant period lasted only for 3 months and the duration in this cases is six months or thereabout. To begin with, the Australian Consumer Law (ACL[8]) makes succinct provisions to the effect that the rights, privileges and guarantees of the consumer are protected. Section 64 of the Act enumerates the statutory obligations vested on the suppliers and manufacturers of goods to make necessary facilitation for the protection of consumer rights and guarantees. The Act further makes a clear definition of a consumer. In this sense, Sally successfully meets the set criteria of identifying a consumer. According to the Act, a person who buys a product with the intention of reselling it is not a consumer but a supplier. Accordingly, therefore, Breezeway- though not the manufacturer of the air conditioning systems- is not a consumer but a supplier. Consequently, it follows naturally that Breezeway cannot dissociate itself from transactions by citing the fact that they are not manufacturers. Instead, it is clear that they are directly responsible to the guarantees of the warranty as suppliers and not as consumers. Further, the Act defines warranties against defects as being the representative communication to a consumer assuring potential consumers that in the event the goods and or services supplied to them are defective, the manufacturer or supplier will repair or replace them or, under particular circumstances, compensate them. It is essential to note that whereas the warranty period has since lapsed, the defects of the air conditioning unit began to be noticeable and complaints were raised to that effect before the expiry of the 3 months warranty period. To her part, Sally did all that was reasonably within her power to bring to the attention of Breezeway that the device supplied was faulty. In this regard defenses to the effect that the warranty period has since lapsed cannot be sustained in law and fact upon sufficient prove by Sally that shed raised the issue of defects long before the warranty period lapsed. Thirdly, according to Australian Consumer Act[9], a supplier or manufacturer cannot simply wish away the rights and guarantees of a consumer as is enshrined in law. Statutory provisions to this effect are designed to cushion consumers against subtle attempts of suppliers and manufacturers to act in such a way as to suggest that particular rights are nonexistent or are subject to certain overt limitations. Often these limitations are not in conformity with the law and necessary rebuttals must be effected as a way of protecting consumer rights and guarantees in law. In this sense, Breezeway is fundamentally if breach of the provisions of the statutory provisions of the Australian Consumer Law. These breaches amount to credible grounds within which Sally, as a consumer, can advance suits for remedies and other conceivably relevant damages. As a result, the Australian Consumer Law makes certain provisions that compel suppliers and manufacturers to make necessary reparations to consumers. Owing to the fact that the problem that Sally is facing has been persistent, troublesome and of course infuriating, it qualifies to be a major problem. Under the ACL, a product or good can be said to have a major problem if it meets a number of descriptive criteria. First, the product must have a problem of such a magnitude that would stop someone from buying it in the first place had that person known about the problem at first. Obviously, Sally wouldnt have bought the product had she known of the annoying fuse problem. Secondly, the Act stipulates that a product will be deemed to have a major problem once it can be proved that the product is unsafe because of the recurring problem amongst others[10]. It is justifiable, therefore, that Sally has justifiable grounds within which to advance suits for court remedies. These remedies include a complete repair of the product, a replacement of the product or compensation. References HCA 35; 211 CLR 317 at 352-3, 354 Civil Liabilities Act, 2003 (Qld); Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council [2005] HCA 63; 223 CLR 486; Vairy v Wyong Shire Council HCA 54; 211 CLR 540 at 616 HCA 9; 208 CLR 460 HCA 27; 79 ALJR 1104 Butler D, "A Comparison of the Adoption of the Ipp Report Recommendations and Other Personal Injuries Liability Reforms" (2005) 13 Torts LJ 201 Australian Consumer Law, Section 64 Australian Consumer Act (ACL), Section 64 Nottage L and Kellam J, Product Liability and Safety Regulation in Malbon J and Nottage L, Consumer Law and Policy in Australia and New Zealand (Federation Press, Sydney, 2013) 187, especially 187-90.; Nottage L, Taking Seriously Consumer Product Safety Reporting Duties Under Australian Law (5 September 2013), at https://blogs.usyd.edu.au/japaneselaw/2013/08/ taking_seriously_consumer_prod.html. Wright EW, National Trends in Personal Injury Litigation: Before and After "Ipp" - Law Council of Australia HCA 35; 211 CLR 317 at 352-3, 354 Civil Liabilities Act, 2003 (Qld); Mulligan v Coffs Harbour City Council [2005] HCA 63; 223 CLR 486; Vairy v Wyong Shire Council HCA 54; 211 CLR 540 at 616 HCA 9; 208 CLR 460 Wright EW, National Trends in Personal Injury Litigation: Before and After "Ipp" - Law Council of Australia HCA 27; 79 ALJR 1104 Butler D, "A Comparison of the Adoption of the Ipp Report Recommendations and Other Personal Injuries Liability Reforms" (2005) 13 Torts LJ 201 Australian Consumer Law, Section 64 Australian Consumer Act (ACL), Section 64 Nottage L and Kellam J, Product Liability and Safety Regulation in Malbon J and Nottage L, Consumer Law and Policy in Australia and New Zealand (Federation Press, Sydney, 2013) 187, especially 187-90.; Nottage L, Taking Seriously Consumer Product Safety Reporting Duties Under Australian Law (5 September 2013), at https://blogs.usyd.edu.au/japaneselaw/2013/08/ taking_seriously_consumer_prod.html.