Same sex schools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Same sex schools - Essay Example Although same-sex schools have the advantage over co-ed schools in terms of academic excellence. Its disadvantages outweigh those advantages. For example in female same-sex schools, females don not have to struggle with their gender identities and thus can concentrate on their schooling. Girls no longer have to ask; "is my hair ok How does my makeup look Am I going to look like a geek if I answer another question Do I have to play sports to impress the girls" (Fidelman) In contrast, adolescents in co-ed schools are always flooded with these issues on their mind instead of concentrating on their academic lessons which should be the most essential task (Fidelman). However, the disadvantages of same-sex schools are far more plenty than its advantages. Schools should be a training ground to enable the students to be ready for the real world. In the real world, not only female dominate the world. In same-sex schools, emphasis is usually on female role model. The students' role models for best teachers are female, their role models for best athletes are female and the list goes on. Furthermore, single sex education is inconsistent with the goals of this nation's public school system to develop an educated population able to transcend barriers of race and gender in society" (Single sex education is an unwise policy).

Slacks Transformational Process Model Case Study

Slacks Transformational Process Model - Case Study Example In the model of transformational process comprehension is significant because it constitutes the common syntactic space and this is a prerequisite in a successful transformational process. Comprehension is an important factor because the language or syntax devoid any logic that is considered too complicated. Another important factor in the transformation process is the internalization that constitutes the interpretative space and it is part of the major prerequisite. Any information cannot stand alone and they always appeared as personalized and it comes into social context. The information must have the interpretative space having the capacity to synchronize semantically. Any transformational process must be comprised with information that contains relevant matters. This is necessary in determining the acquisition or non acquisition of knowledge. The information must appear believing that it represents truthfulness and it is depends solely on the contextualization. In the event, any individual must be considered for certain information and they are expected in distributing knowledge. In any system, the information is valued as Any organization, specifically a car manufacturing company must have the transformational process model. ... In the application it elaborates all the analytical levels. All the knowledge management methodologies require understanding and it covers facilitating tools and it is efficient for having social dimensions and information quality. In the performance of businesses to modern world they need quality customer service, agility in heir performances, speed and efficiency. There is different emphasis in the concept of business process wherein it illustrates how the firm organizes itself. Standardization allows the car manufacturing company to achieve longevity as a result of corporate agility. It is also part of the initiative to have service orientation and outsourcing to business processes. In the transformational process the organization needs to discuss the meaning of the words used in every area of the business. Previous process is needed before moving on the examination of the importance of knowledge in order for the workers to generate value towards the firm. In the transformational process of a car manufacturing, it focuses on the imperative and innovations that is within the scope of service orientation and it composed the agility of the organization or the corporation. Slacks transformational process could result to potential implications in several processes like in the organizational maturity, process architecture and management practices. In the transformational process of car Slacks Transformational Process Model P 3 manufacturing company, it raises the challenges on the existing design philosophies and it gives emphasis on the alternatives that supports the efficiency and flexibility of the organization. Implications in Car Manufacturing Slacks transformational process can cause delay in certain areas

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis Techniques

Qualitative and Quantitative Risk Analysis Techniques The oxford dictionary defines a risk as a situation involving exposure to danger. In business, an occurrence is said to be risky if it has the probability of an adverse outcome. Others words typically used in association with risks are words such as hazards and threats. In most cases, were mitigation controls are not implemented, a risk could result in the loss of financial or material assets, or more critically, it could lead to loss of life. Organisations therefore need a technique to assist in the identification and classification of risks; hence the relevance of Risk analysis. Risk analysis assists in defining preventive measures to reduce the probability of identified threats occurring. Information Technology (IT) managers are able to add value to organisations by using the principles of risk analysis to ensure that businesses remain existent in the face of a risk. The risk analysis process involves three processes: Hazard identification, Risk assessment and Risk evaluation. Hazard identification is the process of identifying undesired or adverse events that lead to the materialisation of a hazard []. Risk assessment is the process of determining the size and magnitude of a risk. Finally, Risk evaluation is the process of assessing the risk in terms of its significance, gravity, or seriousness. [] Mathematically, the risk equation can be expressed as: Risk = (Impact * Likelihood) or Risk = (Probability * Likelihood) [] Impact measures the level of loss to the organisation. Loss can either be financial or operational and Likelihood measures the probability of feeling the impact. Risk Assessment Methodology Risk assessment is the systematic evaluation of the likelihood of an adverse effect arising from exposure in a defined population. The focus for IT security managers is risk assessment that is geared towards meeting the confidentiality, Integrity and Availability of information resources []. Risk Analysis Techniques Risk analysis techniques can be broken down into two broad methods: Qualitative Risk Analysis and Quantitative Risk Analysis. Regardless of the technique selected by an IT security manager, an understanding of the organisations process assets i.e. how risks were handled in the past, the scope of the project in question and plans that have been put in place to manage risks have to be clearly defined. Qualitative Risk Analysis Qualitative risk analysis involves the use of relative concepts to determine risk exposure [] thereafter, a relative classification system is employed where risks are classified as high, medium or low []. Qualitative risk analysis allows IT managers perform systematic examinations of threats and risks to the organisation. It also provides the opportunity for a review of proposed countermeasures and safeguards to determine the best cost-benefit implementation []. Using this technique requires IT managers to develop a scope plan, assemble a quality team, identify threats and prioritise threats. Advantages of Qualitative Risk Assessment Technique: Ease of calculation: when compared with quantitative technique, performing calculations using a qualitative technique is relatively simple. Monetary value of assets does not need to be determined: to perform a qualitative risk assessment, IT managers dont need to come up with a monetary value assets identified during the initial asset identification phase. It is not necessary to quantify threat frequency: because this technique does not require complex calculations, IT managers do not have to quantify the number of times a certain threat is likely to It is easier to involve non-security and non-technical staff: though it is important to select as risk assessment team members, this technique does not require that selected team members consist solely of technical members. Flexibility in process and reporting Drawback of Qualitative Risk Assessment Techniques Below is a discussion on the drawbacks of qualitative risk assessment techniques Qualitative techniques are subjective in nature- i.e. rather than relying on statistical data or evidence for its results, it is dependent on the quality of the risk management team that created it. The Cost-benefit analysis technique which assists in justifying the need for investing in controls is not used in qualitative risk assessment. It does not differentiate sufficiently between important risks. Attributes of Qualitative Risk Assessments: Qualitative risk assessment techniques offer a relatively faster process when compared with quantitative techniques; its emphasises are on descriptions as against statistical data, as such, teams members need not be overly technical to take part in a qualitative analysis process. In addition, values from a qualitative risk assessment are not actual values. In other words, they are perceived valued. Finally, its findings are simple and expressed in relative terms understandable by non-technical people therefore requiring little or no training before its results can be understood. Qualitative Risk Assessment Tools / Techniques: A number of tools are available for carrying out qualitative risk assessment a few of them are discussed below: Probability and impact matrix: the probability and impact matrix illustrates a risk rating assignment for identified risks. Each risk is rated on its probability of occurrence and impact upon objective. Risk probability and impact assessment: using this tool involves the risk analysis team rating the projects risks and opportunities []. Ishikawa (Fishbone cause and effects diagrams): the cause and effect diagram can be used to explore all the possible or actual causes (or inputs) that result in a single effect (or output). This tool can be used for identifying areas where there maybe problems and to examine causes of risks. Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA): the FMEA method starts by considering the risk events and then proceeds to predict all their possible effects in a chart form. [] Quantitative Risk Assessment IT security managers as decision makers are susceptible to biased perception. as such, they require a means of accurately determining risks such that potential risk factors are not overlooked this hence the need for quantitative risk assessments. Quantitative risk analysis generally follows on from the qualitative risk analysis process. It aims to numerically analyse the probability of each risk and its consequence on the project objectives as well as the extent of overall project risk. Quantitative Risk Assessment Techniques In quantitative risk analysis processing, techniques such as Monte Carlo'[] and Bayesian simulations can be employed because they provide indispensible tools to the risk assessment team. These tools assist the team in determining the probability of achieving a specific project objective. They are equally used to quantify the risk exposure for the project and determine the size of cost and schedule contingency reserves that may be needed. Additionally, they identify the risks which require the most attention by quantifying their relative contributions to project risk. Advantages of Quantitative Risk Assessment Using quantitative assessments IT managers are able to present the results of risk assessment in a straight forward manner to support the accounting based presentation of senior managers. [] As results are statistical in nature, it aids in determining whether an expensive safeguard is worth purchasing or not. The process requires the risk assessment team to put great effort into assets value definition and mitigation as a result; its results are based substantially on independently objective processes and metrics. Finally, carrying out a quantitative risk analysis is fairly simple and can easily follow a template type approach. Drawbacks of Quantitative Risk Assessment Calculations involved in quantitative risk assessments are complex and time consuming. Its results are presented in monetary terms only and as such, may be difficult for non-technical people to interpret. The process requires expertise so participants cannot be easily coached through it. Impact values assigned to risks are based on opinions of participants.[] Attributes of Quantitative risk assessment Accuracy of results from quantitative risk assessment tends to increase over time as the organisation builds historic record of data while gaining experience. Results generated from a quantitative assessment are financial in nature, making quantitative techniques useful for cost benefit analysis. Quantitative Risk Assessment Tools Decision Trees Analysis: the decision tree is a useful tool for choosing an option from alternatives. It is used to explore different options and the outcome of selecting a specific option. Sensitivity Analysis: This technique is used to determine the risks which are likely to have the highest impact on the project. In sensitivity analysis, the effect of each risk is examined while keeping all other uncertain elements at baseline values.[] Striking a Balance As already highlighted above, both approaches to risk management have their advantages and disadvantages. Certain situations may call for organisations to adopt the quantitative approach. Conversely, smaller organisations with limited resources will probably find the qualitative approach better fitting. Furthermore, in selecting a risk analysis technique, IT security managers should select a technique that best reflects the needs of the organisation. The decision on which risk analysis technique to use should depend on what the manager is attempting to achieve. It is this suggestion of this paper that an integration of qualitative and quantitative risk analysis techniques be adopted by IT security managers to create a more comprehensive analytical approach. This can be understood as a Hybrid Risk Analysis Approach. Capturing risks and selecting controls are important, however more important is an effective risk assessment process establishing the risk levels. Before an organisation can decide on what to do, it must first identify where and what the risks are. Quantitative risk analysis requires risk identification after which both qualitative and quantitative risk analysis processes can be used separately or together. Consideration of time and budget availability and the need for both types of analysis statements about risk and impact will determine which method(s) to use.[ ]

The Electric Light Orchestra :: essays research papers

The Electric Light Orchestra   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The biggest compliment a band can get is to have another singer write a song about how much they like them, as Randy Newman did in 1979 about ELO with the release of â€Å"‘The Story of a Rock and Roll Band.† In the song he said, â€Å"I love their â€Å"Mr. Blue Sky† Almost my favorite is â€Å"Turn to Stone† And how ‘bout â€Å"Telephone Line†? I love that ELO’† (Wild 5)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The band created in 1971 by Jeff Lynne, Roy Wood, and Bev Bevan used cellos and violins to create a classical sound. Although Roy Wood left shortly after their first record was released. The idea came about when Jeff Lynne said to Roy Wood, â€Å"‘What if we had a band with strings- real strings?’† (Wild 9) They were in The Move at the time and decided to create a band on the side. They called this experimental band The Electric Light Orchestra. â€Å"Of the groups name Lynne remembers, ‘At the time people thought ‘ELO’ was pretty bad. It was like ‘The Electric Light what?’ The name was as wacky as the idea really.’† (Wild 9)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Jeff Lynn was one of the most important members of the band. He was born on December 30, 1947 in Birmingham in the United Kingdom. Lynne was interested in music while he was still in school. When he was fifteen years his father got him a guitar. Though it was made of plastic and had only one string he practiced it all the time. (Petersdorff 3) Jeff was a big Beatles fan. â€Å"Lynne is asked if he now admits to being a Beatles fan. ‘I confess,’ Lynne says with a laugh. ‘I’m dead guilty of being a Beatles fan.’† (Wild 10)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Another founding member of the band was Bev Bevan. He was born Beverly Bevan in Birmingham, U.K. on November 25, 1945. He formed his first professional band, called Denny Lain and the Diplomats, in 1963.He retired from music to become a furniture salesman, but then joined Carl Wayne and the Vikings. He then later joined The Move and helped create ELO. (Petersdorff 4)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The third important member of ELO was Richard Tandy. Tandy was born on March 26, 1948 in Birmingham, U.K. At Moseley Grammar School he had been taught to play bass and guitar. Tandy’s first gig was at Solihull Civic Hall when he was fifteen. He was in many different bands before joining ELO.

Industry Profile of Bsnl

INDUSTRY PROFILE The telecom industry is one of the fastest growing industries in India. India has nearly 200 million telephone lines making it the third largest network in the world after China and USA. With a growth rate of 45%, Indian telecom industry has the highest growth rate in the world. History of Indian Telecommunications started in 1851 when the first operational land lines were laid by the government near Calcutta (seat of British power). Telephone services were introduced in India in 1881. In 1883 telephone services were merged with the postal system. Indian Radio Telegraph Company (IRT) was formed in 1923. After independence in 1947, all the foreign telecommunication companies were nationalized to form the Posts, Telephone and Telegraph (PTT), a monopoly run by the government's Ministry of Communications. Telecom sector was considered as a strategic service and the government considered it best to bring under state's control. The first wind of reforms in telecommunications sector began to flow in 1980s when the private sector was allowed in telecommunications equipment manufacturing. In 1985, Department of Telecommunications (DOT) was established. It was an exclusive provider of domestic and long- distance service that would be its own regulator (separate from the postal system). In 1986, two wholly government-owned companies were created: the Videsh Sanchar Nigam Limited (VSNL) for international telecommunications and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL) for service in metropolitan areas. In 1990s, telecommunications sector benefited from the general opening up of the economy. Also, examples of telecom revolution in many other countries, which resulted in better quality of service and lower tariffs, led Indian policy makers to initiate a change process finally resulting in opening up of telecom services sector for the private sector. National Telecom Policy (NTP) 1994 was the first attempt to give a comprehensive roadmap for the Indian telecommunications sector. In 1997, Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI) was created. TRAI was formed to act as a regulator to facilitate the growth of the telecom sector. New National Telecom Policy was adopted in 1999 and cellular services were also launched in the same year. Telecommunication sector in India can be divided into two segments: Fixed Service Provider (FSPs), and Cellular Services. Fixed line services consist of basic services, national or domestic long distance and international long distance services. The state operators (BSNL and MTNL), account for almost 90 per cent of revenues from basic services. Private sector services are presently available in selective urban areas, and collectively account for less than 5 per cent of subscriptions. However, private services focus on the business/corporate sector, and offer reliable, high- end services, such as leased lines, ISDN, closed user group and videoconferencing. Cellular services can be further divided into two categories: Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) and Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA). The GSM sector is dominated by Airtel, Vodafone-Hutch, and Idea Cellular, while the CDMA sector is dominated by Reliance and Tata Indicom. Opening up of international and domestic long distance telephony Services are the major growth drivers for cellular industry. Cellular operators get substantial revenue from these services, and compensate them for reduction in tariffs on airtime, which along with rental was the main source of revenue. The reduction in tariffs for airtime, national long distance, international long distance, and handset prices has driven demand. AN ORGANISATIONAL PROFILE OF BSNL BSNL adopt latest digital switching technology like OCB, EWSD, AXE-10, FETEX, NEC, etc and widespread transmission network including SDH system up to 80 gbps web telephony, DIAS, VPN Broad brand and more than 400000 data customers, BSNL continues to serve this great nation. The responsibilities include improvement of the already impeccable quality of telecom services, expansion of telecom network, introduction of new telecom services in all villages and instilling confidence among its customers. BSNL has managed to shoulder these responsibilities remarkably and daftly. Today with over 45 million line capacity, 99. 9% exchange digital, nation wide Network management & surveillance system (NMSS) to control telecom traffic and over 400000 route kms of OFC network, Bharat Sanchar Nigam Ltd is a name to reckon with in the world of connectivity. Along with its vest customer base, BSNL’s standing. The telecom infrastructure alone is worth about Rs. 100000 crore. Turnover of Rs. 31400 crore. BSNL’s nation wide coverage and reach comprehensive range of telecom service and a penchant for excellence; and you have the ingredients for restructuring India for a bright future. Today BSNL is most trusted Telecom Brand of India. EVOLUTION OF BHARAT SANCHAR NIGAM LIMITED (BSNL) In India, the Posts and Telegraph Department originated in 1851 as a small part of the Public Works Department. Dr. William Shaughnessy pioneered telegraph and telephone in India. A regular separate department was opened around 1854 when telegraph facilities were thrown open to the public. The major milestones of the organization are as shown below. BSNL Corporate Organizational Structure {draw:frame} Vision, Mission & Objectives of BSNL VISION: To become the largest telecom Service Provider in Asia. MISSION : To provide world class State-of-art technology telecom services to its customers on demand at competitive prices. To Provide world class telecom infrastructure in its area of operation and to contribute to the growth of the country's economy. OBJECTIVES : To be a Lead Telecom Services Provider. To provide mobile telephone service of high quality and become no. 1 GSM operator in its area of operation. Contribute towards: National Plan Target of 500 million subscriber base for the country by December Broadband customers base of 20 million in the country by 2010 as per Broadband Policy 2004. Providing telephone connection in villages as per government policy. Implementation of Triple play as a regular commercial proposition.

Muslim Article

The New York Times article â€Å"Congressman Criticizes Election of Muslim† (Swarns 2006) reported on the criticism made by Virginia's Republican Congressman Virgil H. Goode Jr. on the recent election of Minnesota Representative Keith Ellison. According to Rep. Goode Jr., the election of Keith, a Democrat and the first-ever Muslim to sit in the United States Congress, is a grave threat to traditional American values. Goode's warning, contained in a letter addressed to his Virginia constituents dated Dec. 5, 2006, asked Americans to â€Å"wake up† or face the likelihood of more Muslim elected officials that would demand â€Å"use of the Koran†.He also called for the adoption of stringent immigration policies as a step towards the preservation both of this country's beliefs and values and resources. Ellison, a former criminal lawyer and a convert to Islam, has planned to use the Muslim bible in January during his private swearing-in. Goode's comments elicited criti cisms of bigotry and intolerance from some Democrats in Congress and from Muslim Americans as they pointed out that the official swearing in of officials, in contrast to private swearing in,   do not use religious texts. For his part, Ellison pointed out that he is no immigrant, saying that he's an African-American whose roots goes â€Å"back to 1742†. He also said he is a politician and not a religious scholar such that Goode has â€Å"nothing to fear†.This article of the New York Times gave a rather fair coverage as it observed the journalistic standard of presenting both sides of an issue. The article gave space to both Goode's and Ellison's statements and counter-statements, attempting to do so from an objective viewpoint. As for the issue of Islam or being Muslim depicted by the story itself, there are obviously two conflicting sides, two opposing viewpoints. The side of Rep. Goode adopts the position that Islam in the country, or at least the practices of Islam (as the use of Koran, instead of the Christian Bible in swearing-in), poses a considerable threat to traditional American culture. He even insinuated that Muslims, along with other immigrants, are a burden to the United States. On the other, the coverage of Ellison and his sympathizers show that Muslim Americans, who could be good citizens, are welcome in this country. U.S. Congressman Criticizes Election of Muslim By RACHEL L. SWARNSPublished: December 21, 2006WASHINGTON, Dec. 20 — In a letter sent to hundreds of voters this month, Representative Virgil H. Goode Jr., Republican of Virginia, warned that the recent election of the first Muslim to Congress posed a serious threat to the nation’s traditional values.Skip to next paragraphRepresentative Virgil H. Goode Jr., left, said Keith Ellison’s decision to use a Koran in a private swearing in for the House of Representatives was a mistake.Mr. Goode was referring to Keith Ellison, the Minnesota Democrat and criminal defense lawyer who converted to Islam as a college student and was elected to the House in November. Mr. Ellison’s plan to use the Koran during his private swearing-in ceremony in January had outraged some Virginia voters, prompting Mr. Goode to issue a written response to them, a spokesman for Mr. Goode said.In his letter, which was dated Dec. 5, Mr. Goode sa id that Americans needed to â€Å"wake up† or else there would â€Å"likely be many more Muslims elected to office and demanding the use of the Koran.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"I fear that in the next century we will have many more Muslims in the United States if we do not adopt the strict immigration policies that I believe are necessary to preserve the values and beliefs traditional to the United States of America and to prevent our resources from being swamped,† said Mr. Goode, who vowed to use the Bible when taking his own oath of office.Mr. Goode declined Wednesday to comment on his letter, which quickly stirred a furor among some Congressional Democrats and Muslim Americans, who accused him of bigotry and intolerance.They noted that the Constitution specifically bars any religious screening of members of Congress and that the actual swearing in of those lawmakers occurs without any religious texts. The use of the Bible or Koran occurs only in private ceremonial events that ta ke place after lawmakers have officially sworn to uphold the Constitution.Mr. Ellison dismissed Mr. Goode’s comments, saying they seemed ill informed about his personal origins as well as about Constitutional protections of religious freedom. â€Å"I’m not an immigrant,† added Mr. Ellison, who traces his American ancestors back to 1742. â€Å"I’m an African-American.†Since the November election, Mr. Ellison said, he has received hostile phone calls and e-mail messages along with some death threats. But in an interview on Wednesday, he emphasized that members of Congress and ordinary citizens had been overwhelmingly supportive and said he was focusing on setting up his Congressional office, getting phone lines hooked up and staff members hired, not on negative comments.â€Å"I’m not a religious scholar, I’m a politician, and I do what politicians do, which is hopefully pass legislation to help the nation,† said Mr. Ellison, who said he planned to focus on secular issues like increasing the federal minimum wage and getting health insurance for the uninsured.â€Å"I’m looking forward to making friends with Representative Goode, or at least getting to know him,† Mr. Ellison said, speaking by telephone from Minneapolis. â€Å"I want to let him know that there’s nothing to fear. The fact that there are many different faiths, many different colors and many different cultures in America is a great strength.†In Washington, Brendan Daly, a spokesman for the incoming House speaker, Nancy Pelosi of California, called Mr. Goode’s letter â€Å"offensive.† Corey Saylor, legislative director for the Council on American-Islamic Relations, criticized what he described as Mr. Goode’s â€Å"message of intolerance.†Representative Bill Pascrell Jr., Democrat of New Jersey, urged Mr. Goode to reach out to Muslims in Virginia and learn â€Å"to dispel misconceptions instea d of promoting them.†Ã¢â‚¬Å"Keith Ellison serves as a great example of Muslim Americans in our nation, and he does not have to answer to you, to me or anyone else in regards to questions about his faith,† said Mr. Pascrell, whose district includes many Arab-Americans.The fracas over Mr. Ellison’s decision to use the Koran during his personal swearing-in ceremony began last month when Dennis Prager, a conservative columnist and radio host, condemned the decision as one that would undermine American civilization.â€Å"Ellison’s doing so will embolden Islamic extremists and make new ones, as Islamists, rightly or wrongly, see the first sign of the realization of their greatest goal — the Islamicization of America,† said Mr. Prager, who said the Bible was the only relevant religious text in the United States.â€Å"If you are incapable of taking an oath on that book, don’t serve in Congress,† Mr. Prager said.In his letter, Mr. Goode e choed that view, saying that he did not â€Å"subscribe to using the Koran in any way.† He also called for ending illegal immigration and reducing legal immigration.Linwood Duncan, a spokesman for Mr. Goode, said the Virginia lawmaker had no intention of backing down, despite the furor.â€Å"He stands by the letter,† Mr. Duncan said. â€Å"He has no intention of apologizing.†

The LIPET Strategy for Integration by Parts

The LIPET Strategy for Integration by Parts Integration by parts is one of many integration techniques that are used in calculus. This method of integration can be thought of as a way to undo the product rule. One of the difficulties in using this method is determining what function in our integrand should be matched to which part. The LIPET acronym can be used to provide some guidance on how to split up the parts of our integral. Integration by Parts Recall the method of integration by parts. The formula for this method is: ∠« u dv uv - ∠« v du. This formula shows which part of the integrand to set equal to u, and which part to set equal to dv. LIPET is a tool that can help us in this endeavor. The LIPETAcronym The word â€Å"LIPET† is an acronym, meaning that each letter stands for a word. In this case, the letters represent different types of functions. These identifications are: L Logarithmic functionI Inverse trigonometric functionP Polynomial functionE Exponential functionT Trigonometric function This gives a systematic list of what to try to set equal to u in the integration by parts formula. If there is a logarithmic function, try setting this equal to u, with the rest of the integrand equal to dv. If there are no logarithmic or inverse trig functions, try setting a polynomial equal to u. The examples below help to clarify the use of this acronym. Example 1 Consider ∠« x lnx dx. Since there is a logarithmic function, set this function equal to u ln x. The rest of the integrand is dv x dx. It follows that du dx / x and that v x2/ 2. This conclusion could be found by trial and error. The other option would have been to set u x. Thus du would be very easy to calculate. The problem arises when we look at dv lnx. Integrate this function in order to determine v. Unfortunately, this is a very difficult integral to calculate. Example 2 Consider the integral ∠« x cos x dx. Start with the first two letters in LIPET. There are no logarithmic functions or inverse trigonometric functions. The next letter in LIPET, a P, stands for polynomials. Since the function x is a polynomial, set u x and dv cos x. This is the correct choice to make for integration by parts as du dx and v sin x. The integral becomes: x sin x -  Ã¢Ë† « sin x dx. Obtain the integral through a straightforward integration of sin x. When LIPETFails There are some cases where LIPET fails, which requires setting  u equal to a function other than the one prescribed by LIPET. For this reason, this acronym should only be thought of as a way to organize thoughts. The acronym LIPET also provides us with an outline of a strategy to try when using integration by parts. It is not a mathematical theorem or principle that is always the way to work through an integration by parts problem.

Comparison of Old and New Management Concepts

Comparison of Old and New Management Concepts Introduction Management today is hovering at the edge of the great divide between the old management concept, which is dying and new management concept, which is still being born. The old management concept comprises of classical theories of Henri Fayol, Mac Weber, and Frederick Taylor that was used in managing simple conditions during the industrial age (Drucker Maciariello, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Comparison of Old and New Management Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, the new management concept comprises of human and social factors. Despite the fact that the new stream of management concept has appeared, bewilderment still lingers over what the concept will comprise of when it matures. It is widely accepted that the new concept of management should present individuals with the authority to control their lives, and must ensure that they are answerable for their perf ormances. This article seeks to compare the old and new management concepts. Old verses new management concepts The organization structure of the old management concept was hierarchical in nature. Through this hierarchical model of organizations, the pyramids in Egypt, medieval churches, the great wall in China, and new industries during the industrial age were established (Halal, 2001). It should be noted that the model dominated up to the industrial age because it was an appropriate management custom task performed by uneducated workers. Currently, the information age has resulted in numerous revolutionary forces that have rendered hierarchies outdated. Under the new management concept, corporations have disbanded hierarchy form of organization structures in favor of the internal markets form of organization structures. Compared to the old model, the new model is more precise and flexible. Internal markets have enabled the growth of the power of free markets in the institutions by defining units as small internal enterprise working together within a supportive corporate infrastructure. Through this, ingenuity of small business ventures and the economic power of large corporation markets have been made possible. Another difference between the two concepts of management is that the old management concept was profit-centered model, while the new concept of management is corporate-oriented model (Halal, 2001). During the industrial age, one party gained at the loss of the other. This was realized as management was geared towards making money. In the zealous pursuit of money, managers were often encouraged to disregard social consequences. Although the new concept of management still emphasizes on the need for making profits, it is more geared towards serving the society compared to the old concept.Advertising Looking for research paper on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Curre ntly, managers have become aware that all organizations are comprised of the investors, the public, and the customers. The success of these organizations depends on the managers’ ability to support and manage these groups. It is with no surprise that with the new concept of management the roles of businesses are expanding to form a corporate community with profit being critical but limited goal. The old concept’s management system is mechanistic, while the new concept’s management system is organic (Halal, 2001). Mechanistic system is fixed, while the organic system is dynamic. The organic system comprises of growing and decaying components. In the old management concept, when the system is created the managers are required to focus their attention on the individuals rather than on the system. Concerning the new concept, managers acknowledge that a greater percentage of the output emanates from the design of the system. This implies that under the new concept mo re emphasis is laid on the system to enable the employees to perform effectively. Another difference between the two concepts of management is that the old management operated under old capitalism verses the old socialism environment, whereas the new concept operates under a democratic enterprise (Halal, 2001). In the old management concept, there has been little or no entrepreneurial freedom inside the corporations because they were traditionally managed as centrally planned hierarchies. However, in the last few years, new vitalities have been introduced into the corporate world. As smaller business units emerge, entrepreneurial freedom and accountability for economic results are being embraced. Similarly, the new management concept emphasizes empowerment, participation, collaborative working relations, human values, and other democratic ideals compared to the old concept. Conclusion As noted above, management concepts have gone through some fundamental transformations over the las t few decades. Notably, the organization structure of the old management concept was hierarchical in nature. Under the new management concept, corporations have disbanded hierarchy form of organization structures in favor of the internal markets form of organization structures. Evolving from old capitalistic and socialistic environment, the new management concept has produced bureaucrats who uphold democratic ideals. Equally, the current management concept has evolved from the old profit-centered model to the new corporate-oriented model. It should be noted that although the new concept of management still emphasizes on the need for making profits, it is more geared towards serving the society compared to the old concept. In the future, managers should ensure that new concepts of management should present individuals with the authority to control their lives, and must ensure that they are answerable for their performances.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sam ple on Comparison of Old and New Management Concepts specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References Drucker, P. F., Maciariello, J. A. (2008). Management. New York, NY: Collins Publishers . Halal, W. E. (2001). The new management: democracy and enterprise are transforming organizations. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers.

African Americans and the Military

Even before the United States was listed as a country, African Americans already served in the army. From small villagers' militiamen to military and seamen, African Americans strengthened their efforts to defend and eventually acquired their freedom. The struggle for unifying and recognizing black soldiers is a slow job. According to President Harry S 's presidential decree in 1948, until the end of the Second World War, the US forces were completely legally unified. The African American first joined the army on June 1, 1942. More than 2.5 million African-American men were enrolled in military drafts and African-American women volunteered to serve during the war. During the war, the admission rate of African Americans reached the highest ever in history, and the number of people serving in the army exceeded one million people. However, the US military is still seriously isolated. Air Force and Marines did not hire African Americans, and the Navy accepted African Americans as chef an d waiter. The army has only five African American officials. In addition, during the war, no African Americans receive the Medal of Honor, their mission in the war is mainly reserved for noncombat troops. During the Civil War, African Americans played an important role in EFF. More than 200,000 African Americans, equivalent to 10% of all troops, work for allied forces. 37,000 people died in the fight for the league. Most are slaves serving in isolation forces of the Caucasian officer. African-American soldiers do not have the same rights as Caucasians. Caucasian soldiers are $ 13.00 per month and clothing allowance is $ 3.00, but African-American soldiers earn 10 dollars per month and deduct $ 3.00 from clothing income. However, on June 15, 1864, African-American soldiers received equal pay. African Americans were very suspicious at the beginning of the civil war. Alliance Navy accepted African-American volunteers. Frederick Douglas believes that if African Americans fight them, the y will help African Americans have the right of equality. At what age many children have helped them in civil war. Because of the African-Americans' disadvantage, black units are not used in battle like the past. However, African Americans have fought in countless fights. African Americans are fighting bravely. As the alliance needed a soldier, the North leader saw another reason for African Americans to participate in the civil war. Congress said loudly they wanted to recruit them because they think they might have more soldiers

Effectiveness of the Interest Rate Adjustment Coursework

Effectiveness of the Interest Rate Adjustment - Coursework Example nt levels in the economy, when there is an increase in the interest rates then the lower will be the rate of investment while a reduction in the interest rates then there will be an increase in investment. When investment increases it will result to demand push inflation which originates from the real sector, when investment increases then the aggregate demand will increase and this will result into inflation. However when the investment levels increase then we expect the level of employment and income in the economy to increase, this will be beneficial to the economy where the rate of employment will increase and the output level of the economy will also increase in terms of GDP. According to Keynes theory on the demand for money he highlighted that individuals will demand money for speculative purposes, precautionary purposes and liquidity preferences. Speculative demand for money occurs where the individuals will prefer to hold money as an asset when other assets do look attractive, The level of speculative demand for money will depend on the interest rates and the income levels, when interest rates are high then the speculative demand for money is lower and when the interest rates are lower then the individuals will hold more speculative money demand, for this reason therefore individuals will hold more money and will not invest when the interest rates are high but when the interest rates are low the individuals will hold less speculative money and they will invest in other assets. Consumption behaviour and interest rates: According to Keynes consumption constitutes the largest proportion of expenditure in an economy, however in his theory he defined consumption as a function of income, consumption therefore was equal to the autonomous consumption level... This paper offers a comprehensive review of the relationships between interest rates, investment behaviour and level of consumption with the help of the postulates of Keynesian theory. It is shown, that when interest rates are adjusted they will affect the level of borrowed funds. Interest rates will therefore affect the consumption behaviour and at the same case affect the investment behaviour in the economy. Interest rates can also determine the amount of money supply in an economy, and because the higher the money supply then the higher the inflationary pressure interest rates are used as a way to fight inflation in an economy Investment can be defined as accumulation over time by firms of real capital goods and these goods yield the future flow and acquisition of other goods, investment levels in an economy will be determined by the interest rates which are the opportunity costs of borrowed funds. Consumption constitutes the largest proportion of expenditure in an economy, however in his theory he defined consumption as a function of income, consumption therefore was equal to the autonomous consumption level plus the marginal propensity to consume which is multiplied by the income minus tax. Consumption is affected by changes in the level of interest rates, when interest rates are high then the demand for borrowed fund will decline and therefore the less the ability by consumers to spend, when interest rates are low then the demand for borrowed funds increase and for this reason the higher the ability by consumers to spend.

Duchamp, Segal, Rauschenberg, Warhol, Oldenburg, Lichtenstein Assignment

Duchamp, Segal, Rauschenberg, Warhol, Oldenburg, Lichtenstein - Assignment Example The paper "Duchamp, Segal, Rauschenberg, Warhol, Oldenburg, Lichtenstein" discovers the famous artists of the 20th century. Marcel Duchamp and was interested to put art back to the service of the mind. He distanced himself from the traditional artistic methods and paintings, relying on seducing the view through irony and verbal witticism instead of relying on the aesthetical appeal as other artists did. George Segal was a Jewish. He is known for â€Å"Pop Art† movement. His technique was however different form pop art due to closely relating his work to human values and personal experiences. He chose to deal with places that were familiar to him, rather than the elegant topics. His artistic work led to creation of close up drawings of human expressions and was known for his humanistic passion. Robert Rauschenberg was an American born in Texas and studied pharmacology. His unique artistic style involved the use of newspapers to make long silk screens cardboards, and early Egypt ians which is a series of wall reliefs and sculptures constructed from used boxes. He also made a lot of prints on silk where he made colorful silk walls and floor works. Rauschenberg later began to use his black and white photographs and was more recognized for the  ¼ Mile or Two Furlong Piece that was conceived to be the longest artwork in the world portraying his unique photographic techniques and horology of his imagery. Claes Oldenburg was born in Stockholm in 1929, but his family settled in Chicago in 1936.

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Compare and contrast - Essay Example The main characters in Sweat are Delia, the protagonist, a black washerwoman who had been working on the laundry for white people; her husband, Sykes, the antagonist is an abusive husband openly and vagrantly practicing infidelity; Bertha, the other woman of Sykes who he sleeps with; and the townspeople at the village. On the other hand, in A Rose for Emily, the main characters are Emily Grierson, a round character is depicted by the town as a tradition; the rest of the characters are basically flat characters such as Tobe, Emily’s servant; the townspeople; mentions of Emily’s father (who died) and Homer Barron, the significant person in Emily’s life who supposedly dated her and then, disappeared. The main characters are similar in gender and being ‘talk of the town’ in some events in the story; but distinctly different in personality. Delia, despite her small frame and silent stance showed strength and courage in disposition when faced with an extre mely dangerous event (when confronted by the rattlesnake).

The Day Education Came to Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Day Education Came to Life - Essay Example The experience which impacted my education was the graduation ceremony of my older sister from Texas A & M University. I got an opportunity to spend week on the university campus along with my sister, prior to the graduation ceremony. I was studying in a high school during that period and was not much interested in education. Like many of my friends, I took education lightly and gave more importance to other curriculum activities like playing, singing, dancing etc during that period. I spent lengthy hours in front of the computers, chatting with my friends with the help of social networks such as Facebook at that time. Majority of the home assignments provided by the teachers rested in my study table as unattended. The deadlines of many of those assignments were passed and I showed fewer interests in completing those things because of my lack of interests in education. I did consider education as a burden during my school studies. I thought that the society and family are trying to i mpose an unnecessary burden upon the children in the form of education. Since, I never felt any financial problems in my home, I failed to realise the importance of education in shaping the career of a person, at that time. A & M is the oldest institution in Texas for higher education. More than 50000 students from different parts of the world are studying at present in this university campus. The university campus spreads across 5200 acres of land at present even though it was started in humble manner in 1871. In 1960’s it underwent huge expansion programs and the present infrastructure of this university is developed as a result of that expansion programs. â€Å"The George Bush Presidential Library and Museum opened in 1997 on West Campus, making Texas A&M one of only a few universities to host a presidential library on their campus† (Texas A&M). In short, Texas A & M has huge tradition, better infrastructure and a beautiful landscape which attracted me very much. It should be noted that I never came across with a college campus until that time and this experience made huge changes in my way of thinking about education. The preparations and the enthusiasms displayed by the campus authorities and the college students for the graduation ceremony attracted me very much during my stay at Texas A & M. The University campus was decorated beautifully for the ceremony. One could clearly realize the importance given to the graduation ceremony by the authorities from these decorations and the special clothing provided to the students who successfully completed their graduation. I have witnessed many of the successful graduates including my sister receiving their graduation certificate from a dignitary. Before the presenting the certificates, some of the dignitaries present on the occasion, delivered some concise lectures to make the students aware of the importance of education and graduation certificates. One of the dignitaries has told the audience tha t the most precious thing in this universe is education rather than anything else. He has pointed out that the basic necessities of human include education also along with food, air, shelter and clothing. He has pointed out that education helps people to attain majority of the basic necessities of human life. He has also mentioned that education leads a person from the darker sides of the world to the brighter sides of the wo

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Terrorism - Essay Example Though terrorism has been part of various societies of the globe for the last several centuries, yet the contemporary world has become the most despondent victim of such obnoxious assaults and threats. The horrible victimization of terrorism of the modern world is partly due to the invention of latest dreadful and destructive weapons, techniques and strategies, which has taken the entire world into the awkward clutches of terrorism. Additionally, fast increasing gulf of hatred and detestation between the cultures, faiths and civilizations is also inviting violent clashes and conflicts on the very face of the earth, and the political authorities and governments appear to be helpless in combating with this curse even. Consequently, collective measures are being introduced on the concrete foundations of multicultural and inter-faith co-operation to defeat and crush the widespread terrorist nuisance with collective efforts. The theorists, intellectuals and philosophers blame social injus tices and inequalities as the root-cause behind the expansion of terrorism in the world. They cite Marxist perspective that declares conflict between haves and haves-not as the by-product of chaos, confusion and anarchical state of affairs in human societies. The theorists are of the opinion that rejection of granting opportunities, resources and privileges to the developing countries is creating frustration in the minds of the masses, which always results in the form of violent reaction to the injustices and inequalities observed and promoted by the elite stratum of society on the one hand, and the powerful states of the world on the other. Hence, it is social inequalities that give birth to violent struggle against exploitation. Marx lauded the basic premise that the labor was the source of all wealth, and the profit of the capitalist was based on the exploitation of the laborers. â€Å"The capitalists performed the rather simple trick of paying the workers less than they deserve d, because they received less pay than the value of what they actually produced in a work period.† (Ritzer & Goodman, 2003:22) The modern terrorism is also the part of the same ideology created and implied out of sheer frustration and injustices. The present paper aims to identify the problem of terrorism in the light of the ideology, claimed and presented by various terrorist organizations, where these groups try to justify their actions and violent attacks against their opponent forces and groups to set the haves-not free from the exploitation of capitalism and imperialism. The groups under analysis including Baader-Meinhof of Germany, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam in Sri Lanka, and Iranian state-sponsored terrorism reveal one and the same motif, which has been analyzed in the following lines 1. GERMANY A. Background and Facts related to Creation of RAF: World War I had drawn a clear and indelible boundary line between the nations on the basis of their economic positio n. Consequently, the conflict between the prosperous and poor states started widening to a great extent. The Germans had commenced World War II as revenge against the humiliating terms of Versailles Treaty of 1919, but the War culminated in favor of the capitalist societies, and thus added fuel to fire in the further demarcation between the rich and poor countries. Consequently, many extremist groups raised their heads as reaction to the growing exploitation prevailing in the imperialistic

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Compare and contrast - Essay Example The main characters in Sweat are Delia, the protagonist, a black washerwoman who had been working on the laundry for white people; her husband, Sykes, the antagonist is an abusive husband openly and vagrantly practicing infidelity; Bertha, the other woman of Sykes who he sleeps with; and the townspeople at the village. On the other hand, in A Rose for Emily, the main characters are Emily Grierson, a round character is depicted by the town as a tradition; the rest of the characters are basically flat characters such as Tobe, Emily’s servant; the townspeople; mentions of Emily’s father (who died) and Homer Barron, the significant person in Emily’s life who supposedly dated her and then, disappeared. The main characters are similar in gender and being ‘talk of the town’ in some events in the story; but distinctly different in personality. Delia, despite her small frame and silent stance showed strength and courage in disposition when faced with an extre mely dangerous event (when confronted by the rattlesnake).

Terrorism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Terrorism - Essay Example Though terrorism has been part of various societies of the globe for the last several centuries, yet the contemporary world has become the most despondent victim of such obnoxious assaults and threats. The horrible victimization of terrorism of the modern world is partly due to the invention of latest dreadful and destructive weapons, techniques and strategies, which has taken the entire world into the awkward clutches of terrorism. Additionally, fast increasing gulf of hatred and detestation between the cultures, faiths and civilizations is also inviting violent clashes and conflicts on the very face of the earth, and the political authorities and governments appear to be helpless in combating with this curse even. Consequently, collective measures are being introduced on the concrete foundations of multicultural and inter-faith co-operation to defeat and crush the widespread terrorist nuisance with collective efforts. The theorists, intellectuals and philosophers blame social injus tices and inequalities as the root-cause behind the expansion of terrorism in the world. They cite Marxist perspective that declares conflict between haves and haves-not as the by-product of chaos, confusion and anarchical state of affairs in human societies. The theorists are of the opinion that rejection of granting opportunities, resources and privileges to the developing countries is creating frustration in the minds of the masses, which always results in the form of violent reaction to the injustices and inequalities observed and promoted by the elite stratum of society on the one hand, and the powerful states of the world on the other. Hence, it is social inequalities that give birth to violent struggle against exploitation. Marx lauded the basic premise that the labor was the source of all wealth, and the profit of the capitalist was based on the exploitation of the laborers. â€Å"The capitalists performed the rather simple trick of paying the workers less than they deserve d, because they received less pay than the value of what they actually produced in a work period.† (Ritzer & Goodman, 2003:22) The modern terrorism is also the part of the same ideology created and implied out of sheer frustration and injustices. The present paper aims to identify the problem of terrorism in the light of the ideology, claimed and presented by various terrorist organizations, where these groups try to justify their actions and violent attacks against their opponent forces and groups to set the haves-not free from the exploitation of capitalism and imperialism. The groups under analysis including Baader-Meinhof of Germany, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Elam in Sri Lanka, and Iranian state-sponsored terrorism reveal one and the same motif, which has been analyzed in the following lines 1. GERMANY A. Background and Facts related to Creation of RAF: World War I had drawn a clear and indelible boundary line between the nations on the basis of their economic positio n. Consequently, the conflict between the prosperous and poor states started widening to a great extent. The Germans had commenced World War II as revenge against the humiliating terms of Versailles Treaty of 1919, but the War culminated in favor of the capitalist societies, and thus added fuel to fire in the further demarcation between the rich and poor countries. Consequently, many extremist groups raised their heads as reaction to the growing exploitation prevailing in the imperialistic

The Black Cat and The Tell-tale heart by Edgar Allan Poe Essay Example for Free

The Black Cat and The Tell-tale heart by Edgar Allan Poe Essay Compare the two nineteenth century horror stories The Black Cat and The Tell-tale heart by Edgar Allan Poe, showing how Poe uses a range of techniques to make his stories dramatic and effective. Edgar Allan Poe was an American author who wrote The Black Cat and The Tell-tale Heart. The Black Cat written in 1845 depicts a supposedly animal loving man who becomes addicted to alcohol which eventually gets out of control and he ends up killing his cat and wife. The Tell-tale Heart was written in 1950 after Poes wifes death in 1847, portrays a madman who becomes paranoid about an old mans vulture like eye and similarly to The Black Cat he kills the old man. In both stories Poe uses a variety of techniques to convey his dramatic version of the gothic horror genre. He uses repetition through the rule of three, punctuation and simple sentences, settings and pathetic fallacy, the main homodiegetic narrator and innocent side characters as well as some significant supernatural events. These all help achieve the effective, dramatic gothic horror story. Another technique used by Poe is repetition including the use of the rule of 3. In the tell tale heart the pace of the story quickens when Poe used the repetition in the rule of three. Louder! Louder! Louder! this is said repeatedly at the end to insinuate the narrators panic and quickening velocity. This technique also works with the slow build of tension at the beginning of the story and the haste filled confession at the end. In an early paragraph the narrator describes himself to possess sagacity and throughout the story he praises his actions and reassures himself and the reader, how calmly I can tell you the whole story but towards the end he begins to lose control over his calmness and starts shouting (showing signs of madness). In the black cat Poe uses repetition in anaphora sentences I experienced a sentiment half of horror, half of remorse this gives a different thrilling and effective use of the narrators need to reiterate his emotions in an order, I think this can be linked to my previous mention of his possible OCD. Another technique Poe uses to make his stories dramatic and effective is the setting and pathetic fallacy. In the Black Cat Poe sets the beginning of the story as bright and sunny to portray a much happier, normal life and during the darkening times, the weather changes to dark, dangerous ad sombre. One night, returning home, much intoxicated, this supports the idea that Poe has used weather set the tone of the scene. During the deaths in the Black Cat the setting appears quite gloomy and dark like when the wife is killed in the cellar. In the Tell tale heart the narrator says that Every day at midnight which helps develop the idea that the time of day i.e. very dark, cooler which could affect the response from the reader. Poe also takes the setting (inside the old mans bedroom) as a tool to create that odd difference with the mad narrator and his fairly normal life. The way in which Poe takes the bedroom which is where people would often feel safe and uses it as the base for the murder should evoke an emotional response of unease from the reader. He has managed to turn a safe place into a sinister and dangerous place. This makes his stories dramatic and effective by exploring different aspects of normal every days lives and making them creepy and weird. This fits in with the Gothic genre by invoking terror and featuring terrifying experiences in a place where the reader should feel safe. Overall Poe uses a variety of techniques to create an effective and dramatic story which can make the reader feel un-easy. His use of the narrator, other characters, punctuation, repetition and the setting fulfil all the elements to create a dramatic and effective gothic horror story.

The Role Of The 1870 Forster Education Act Education Essay

The Role Of The 1870 Forster Education Act Education Essay This Act provided a network of elementary schools for filling the gaps in the provision from church-run charity schools which were available for the poor, while the rich could afford private tutors. They only wanted all the children to have the basic education, not to change the class basis of education. Forester Education Act made state education compulsory up to the age of 10 and so they were taking childrens out of employment. The childrens families did not like that because they would have less money with childrens not working. The writer H. G. Wells describe this an act to educate the lower class lines, and with specially trained, inferior teachers. However, the Act signified the first general acceptance, which leads in schooling being paid from state taxations and resulting in a link between the state and education that exit today. The 1870 Act, also explain the cause of so many old primary schools existing from 100 years ago, many of them being build in the years following the Act. There were some reasons for introducing this Act such as an economical benefit like educated workforce beneficial for society and also for maintaining global position. Philanthropic reason, because it was wrong to have childrens working from young ages, seen as being antirevolutionary, appearing to bring equality which will also be beneficial to society and to individual. Another reason could be that it seemed that the school provided some kind of social control through education by teaching people how to behave. This Act was introduced also because of political functions being in need for educated population (Taylor P, 1995), (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Identify the differences between formal education and the hidden curriculum. Make reference to the functionalist and the Marxist viewpoint. In schools childrens are learning a lot of things that are not part of their timetable of official lessons. The hidden curriculum term is used to refer at what children learn indirect from the manner in which the school is organised and also from their teachers. In most of the schools hidden curriculum include punctuality, obedience to authority, appropriate dress, co-operation, honesty. These values and others are communicated by teachers in assemblies. The formal education, comparing with the hidden curriculum, refers to the skills that a person already has, that are prescribed, fixed and it cant be changed. Marxists argue that it creates subservient workforce who are trained to be compliant and bored but the functionalists argue that this is beneficial for the society, they argue that society needs to be in balance, to work together(Guy, C., 2012). Guy, C., (12.12.2012), Hidden Curriculum-Formal Curriculum, Handout Describe and evaluate the tripartite system of education. There were theories that there were different types of pupils, with different abilities and aptitudes and that they could identify a childs type by intelligence testing. Because of this theory, the 1944 Act had introduced a national test called the 11 plus test for allocating childrens to one of the three types of secondary school. Those three types of secondary school were technical schools, secondary modern schools and grammar school. These three were known as tripartite system of secondary education. Grammar school were aiming for children who were classified as bright and academic good at solving logical problems. These childrens were meant to study science, mathematics and difficult subject in order to prepare for GCE exams. There are records showing that less than 20 % of the school population went to study in grammar schools. The technical schools were meant to be for children with abilities in technical subjects with an attendance of 5 %, but most of the children went to seco ndary modern schools. They received basic education with an opportunity in taking an external examination until CSEs was introduced in 1960. The tripartite system was meant to provide separate but equal types of schooling geared for those children with particular abilities. Some of the ideas of the Act were to have equal status, similar equipment and staffing, but that did not worked in practice. There were children that did not participated in the tripartite system at all. Also the private sector of education was being excluded from the scope of the Act and the independent schools continued to charge fees. There were some criticisms of the tripartite system because they provided low self esteem for children making them to think that they are not cleaver enough or they did not tried enough. Another criticism was that provided social class division in society because even though the fees were abolished, working class children were less likely to go to a grammar school that those from middle class. Because of the criticisms about 11 plus examination, the tripartite system was rejected. (Taylor P, 1995), (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Describe and evaluate the comprehensive system. Comprehensive system is based on the principle of one type of secondary school for everyone. Children from all kind of social backgrounds and with all kind of abilities could attend the same type of school, being provided with the same chances and opportunities to obtain training and qualification. The age 11 entrance exam does not exist. Legislation from 1980s provided parents with large choices of schools. The movement from selective to comprehensive school remains a political matter. The political left and the Labour party favourite comprehensive schools because in their opinion this was the only school that provided equality in education. In contrast with this, the right and the Conservative Party were very concern about providing appropriate education for everyone. In 1965 the Local Education Authorities were asked by the Labour government to reorganise secondary education on comprehensive lines. The trend of comprehensive slowed down after 1970 allowing grammar schools to exist at the same time as comprehensives. With the election of Labour government was also introduce a legislation requiring all LEAs to go comprehensive. By the end of May 1979, 80% of secondary school children were attending comprehensive. Comprehensive schools failed to meet their originals aims because some public opinions opposed comprehensive education; a broad social mix in a school has rarely been achieved as schools reflect their catchment area; New Right claimed that academically capable children were held back (Taylor P, 1995). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. What is marketization in education? Explain and evaluate how league tables can play a part in marketization. Marketization in education represent the way the school make them buyable by the parents who want a good school for their childrens, a school that provide high standards of benefits such as school that provide a swimming pool, a meal, a music room or a sport club. The League Tables were introduced to provide information about the schools. Also because of the existence of League Tables, parent were able to make a better choice in which school to enrol their children, meaning that there was a competition created between school named as marketization; parents wanting to sent their children to schools that appeared successful in League Tables (Wilson P, 1989). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Describe and evaluate the role of vocational education in the UK today. Vocational education means training for a specific job. Because the industry needed skilled work forces, they made these vocational education schools in which pupils were trained in vocational courses because some of the childrens responded better to courses related to work. Some of the recent initiatives are; youth training scheme (YTS), employment training (ET), national vocational qualification (NVQ). This is another attempt to raise standards. Evaluating the vocational education, some argue that dont leave equal opportunities, some vocational courses are not highly valued and may be considerate as second rate. Some are saying that are unfair because are set when childrens are too young; also this may be a way of paying law wages and there may not be a job at the end. From Marxist point of view, the industry is failing. He argues that it is more about training for low wages. However, universities have been open to vocational qualification, but not all (Guy, C., 2012). Guy, C., (05.12.2012) Vocationalism, Handout Describe and evaluate the Assisted Placed Scheme. This scheme sponsors academically gifted children, helping them to pay the fees for their independent schooling. It was initiated in 1980 by The Education Act and operates by the Secretary of State for Education. The parents who had childrens at independent school were given help in paying the fees. They wanted to give a chance to gifted children who had less affluent parent at having a high academically education. By 1985, 17,500were using the scheme and by 1990, 34,000. In 1988 and 1989, the cost of the scheme was  £50 millions. As an overall the cost was small. The scheme weakens the state sector of education but reinforce the private sector. The selection process involves interviews with parents and children, procedure which can affect childrens with parents from working class backgrounds. There is an assumption in the scheme that the schooling offered by the independent schools is better that that from the state system (Taylor P, 1995). Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins. Analyse and evaluate the role that the Public School System plays in Britain today. The public schools were categorised as agents of moral and spiritual development. They are still following their tradition, they have special attire. They are controlled by democratic authority and administration. In public schools, people can be seen as constituents meaning, they have a legitimate say in how the school should be run. In a way it can be said that private school are run by the parents who pay fees for their childrens (Holborn, 2004). The Public Schools term is commonly used in England and Wells referring to a group of 10 per cent of independent schools. The Public Schools are more prestigious schools such as Eton, Harrow and Rugby because they had always prepared pupils for important public offices. From 2000 independent schools, 200 are public schools. Holborn, H. a. (2004). Sociology-Themes and Perspectives, sisth edition. London: HarperCollins. Taylor P, R. J. (1995). Sociology in focus. Bath: The Bath Press. Wilson P, K. A. (1989). Sociology for GCSE and modern studies. London: HarperCollins.

Photography and Art Essay -- Technology Essays

Photography and Art In the United States today, technology is all-important to a great deal of the population, whether it is a means of communication or an aid for national security. Technological devices and terminology are ubiquitous and have become a part of everyday life. On the road, many drivers can be found talking and chattering away into their cell phones. At business meetings, many executives will present presentations in PowerPoint, while others will jot down notes in their Personal Digital Assistants, or PDAs. Many people have their own websites on the Internet, and even more people communicate through electronic mail. Tourists can be found snapping shots of landscapes and buildings with digital cameras or recording the scenery with digital camcorders. There is no end to the number of examples of how technology has touched our lives. This essay will delineate the development of the digital camera and digital art as a representation of the digital world, since the digital world is much too large of a subject to encompass in one essay. Two influences on the development of digital photography and art are late-Victorian construction of the machinery of information organization and Modernist visual forms. However, it is not sufficient to stop with these two forces, for advanced digital programs have also played a key role in the shaping of digital photography and art. Within the context of the current technological age, digital photography has been developed, modified, and brought into the lives of everyday people. In some shape or form, photography has importance to everyone. At its simplest level, photography allows people to remember their pasts and to share experiences with others. To some, it is way to see ... ...6. "Further Developments." <http://encyclopedia.com/html/section/photogrph_FurtherDevelopments.asp> 7. Hoy, Anne H. Fabrications: Staged, Altered, and Appropriated Photographs. New York: Abbeville Press, 1987. 8. Manovich, Lec. "New Media from Borges to HTML," 2001. <http://manovich.net/DOCS/manovich_new_media.doc> 9. Marshall, Alfred. Principles of Economics, Book IV, 1890. <http://www.socsci.mcmaster.ca/%7Eecon/ugcm/3ll3/marshall/prin/prinbk4> 10. Stevens, Harold. Design in Photo-Collage. New York: Reinhold Publishing Corporation, 1967. 11. "The Impact of Early Photography." <http://encyclopedia.com/html/section/photogrph_TheImpactofEarlyPhotography.asp> 12. "The Invention of Photography." <http://encyclopedia.com/html/section/photogrph_TheInventionofPhotography.asp> 13. Venn, John. "On The Forms of Logical Proposition." 1880.

Evolution of Individual Rights :: essays research papers

Evolution of Individual Rights Prior to the Constitutional Convention Religious freedom is one main reason for the founding of our country. The concept of ideological and religious freedom remains as strong today as it was at the time of the founding of the United States. The founding fathers left their homelands for a country, which promised freedoms well beyond those, available to the masses during the times of early U.S. immigration. Representatives at the Constitutional Convention in Philadelphia (1787) intentionally avoided making strong statements regarding religion due to a firm belief that religious provisions were unnecessary to preserve religious liberty. This omission was not taken lightly by six states, who went on to propose amendments guaranteeing religious freedom. In fact, two states refused to ratify the document until a Bill of Rights, including religious freedom, was adopted. In 1789, a compilation of modifications and amendments were assembled, which included the statements we collectively call the First Amendment to the United Stat es Constitution (Alexander and Alexander, 1998). The pertinent section of the First Amendment that refers to religion simply states: "Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof." The first part of the statement is commonly known as the "establishment" clause, while the second part is known as the "free exercise" clause. Though intended to be clear, concise and decisive in its presentation of the two clauses, the potential for individual interpretation based on individual biases and ephemeral passions continues to allow for impassioned argument to this day. It is the balancing of these two clauses that makes the analysis of religious freedom questions difficult for teachers, administrators and legal professionals.

Tsunamis: Ocean and Wave Shape Changes

6 05 Tsunami Nicolai Kortendick 1. The web site presents extensive information regarding tsunamis. Survey the site. A. Select the five facts about tsunamis that were the most interesting or surprising to you. Make a list of your facts. 1. A tsunami is made up of a series of traveling ocean waves of extremely long wavelength. 2. They are triggered by earthquakes and undersea volcanic eruptions and deep sea landslides. 3. The wave shape changes and the height increases as it approaches the coastline. . Far field tsunamis have a long travel time so it is easier to predict their effects. 5. Near field tsunami have a travel time of one or two hours, making it harder to evacuate people to safe, high areas before the tsunami reaches the coast. B. Now look over your list. In your opinion, what is the most intriguing item on your list? Explain. The most intriguing item on the list to me is that tsunamis resemble waves that I see a lot every day and they have extremely long wavelengths. 2.If y ou were on a ship at sea, and a tsunami passed under your ship, what would probably be your reaction? Explain. I would be pretty scared if I knew it was a tsunami, and I would be worried for the people on the coast it was heading for. It probably wouldn’t be a very big wave if I was far out in the ocean so it wouldn’t scare me as much. 3. The site offers a tsunami quiz. Take the quiz. What was your score? I got 7 out of the 10 questions correct. 4. When you viewed the â€Å"Introduction to Waves† video, you learned several terms that apply to all waves.How do the following terms apply to tsunamis and what are typical values for a tsunami’s wavelength and amplitude? Use the following sites to look for answers: http://www. enchantedlearning. com/subjects/tsunami http://hyperphysics. phy-astr. gsu. edu/HBASE/Waves/tsunami. html C. Wavelength Tsunamis have an extremely long wavelength (which is the distance between the crest of one wave and the crest of the n ext wave) – up to several hundred miles long. D. amplitudeThe amplitude of a wave is the height of a wave from the still water level to the top of the wave crest. As a tsunami reaches a coastline its amplitude increase greatly. E. crest The crest is the top of a wave. The wavelength of a wave is measured from the crest of one wave to the crest of another. F. trough The trough is the bottom of a wave. As a tsunami approaches the coast (where the sea becomes shallow), the trough of a wave hits the beach floor, causing the wave to slow down, to increase in height and to decrease in wavelength.

Leadership: Key to Group Cohesiveness

One of the most complicated tasks to do is to understand how the human mind works.   Put several of these minds together and it is like a topsy-turvy guessing game that can often lead to miscommunication.Handling a group can truly be complicated. As more minds work together, more conflicts inevitably arise.   If this cannot be handled properly, this will result to animosity within the rank.   Jealousy from among group members may crop up.   It is therefore imperative for the group to have a decisive and yet magnanimous leader to carry it through good and bad times.Amid this fact, the main problem that shall be answered is basic: How does an effective leadership lessen conflicts and motivate others, specifically subordinates, to be more productive and efficient?If we review the literature on leadership, we will find out that it is very extensive. Issues raise range from different styles of leadership, how to become effective decision-makers, and even how to better motivate peo ple.One study found out that people subsist in a hierarchy of needs, going from physiological needs through safety, social, esteem to self actualization (Whitman, 1987). It is, therefore, vital that a leader knows how to motivate group members. People can be motivated not just by basic needs, but also by noble causes. Some leaders would consider that it is necessary to use pain or threat of pain to motivate, but others consider that this only motivates no one but the dullest and idlest of people. Promises of food, excitement, companionship, involvement and the appreciation of other benefits are better motivators (Whitman).Other literatures also deal with how leaders can make the group reach a consensus when it comes to decision-making. The study found out that many leaders like to think that they are skilled group decision-making methods such as action planning, goal setting and problem-solving, but their capability to execute such practices successfully is often hindered by their l ack of understanding of the dynamics of these processes (Schwartz, 1994). In effect, these leaders often end up propagating problems that they themselves create through their carelessness and negligence to the needs of other group members. For this reason, instead of achieving a consensus, some leaders only serve their own interests. The better way to achieve harmony would be for them to pursue how resolutions are made and guarantee that they are attained by actual discussion (Schwartz).It is therefore important to remember that consensus decision represents a reasonable decision that all members of the group can accept although it may not necessarily be the optimal decision for each member (Colwell, 2001). When this is attained, it would be safe and reasonable to say that the leader of the group or the manager of the organization has exhibited effective leadership style.Theoretical FrameworkThe study basically explores the relationship between leadership and its motivational effect s on employees or subordinates. Ordinarily, subordinates are motivated to work harder because their leaders encourage them to participate in the process of decision-making.     This kind of participative leadership inspires subordinates.      This is the reason why this study will partly explore the model called the Continuum of Leadership Behaviour which was developed by Robert Tannenbaum and Warren H. Schmidt (Colwell).   This theory discusses the choices managers make concerning their subordinates’ involvement in decision making.Basically, the theory has carries two sides of a coin.   On one side, leadership is relatively authoritarian.   On the other side, everything is relatively participative. As to the choice of leadership to be chosen, three factors are considered.In studying this case, one must consider the leader’s value system, his trust in his subordinates, and his feelings of security in an uncertain situation.   In other words, if the mana ger is insecure of his position and abilities, he may resort to authoritarian leadership; limiting the chances of his subordinates to show their capabilities.Another factor that has to be taken into consideration is the employees’ willingness to assume responsibilities, their expectations, and their need for independence. Also important here are their ability to understand situations and their knowledge in dealing with certain problems.The choice of leadership also depends on the kind of organization one is dealing with.   When an organization needs to have an iron-fisted leader, then it is no doubt important for leaders to be authoritative.   However, if the organization needs continuous input from many heads, then participation of employees is vital to its growth.Another leadership theory that this study will delve into is the Goal-Path theory.   This focuses on the need for leaders to make rewards conditional on the accomplishment of objectives (Schwartz).     Sp ecifically, this theory discusses how leaders should aid subordinates in attaining rewards by clarifying the paths to goals.Example of this is the model that was proposed by John Adair in 1973. It is called the Action Centred Leadership model.   It argues that it is not who one is but what he does that determines him as a leader (Vroom, 1973).These two theories of leadership clearly state that for a leader to become effective, he needs to adjust to the needs of his subordinates and organization. Although authoritative leadership could be effective in certain circumstances, a viable organization basically springs forth from a leadership that encourages participation from subordinates.Once subordinates discover that their services and inputs are valued by the leaders and managers, they shall be motivated to contribute more efforts to the organization.   This is very important as for many employees feel that some leaders do not value their efforts.Data Presentation and AnalysisFrom the various literatures studied, it became apparent that the most effective leadership style is motivational one. Take for example the case of advertising agencies.   Most of them encourage the support and input of those involved in the project.   It is not only the boss or the leader who decides.   After some brainstorming, there will always be a group consensus that shall help them arrive at an agreed decision.In this case, the kind of leadership that develops and prevails in the organization is the motivational one because it encourages ordinary employees to contribute intellectually to all their projects.   In effect, the leader’s main work here only resides in facilitating meetings and brainstorming.   All the others depend on the employees.It would be impossible to find an effective advertising agency whose leaders are authoritative. This kind of atmosphere does not really thrive in a creative world such as this.Besides, if one has to really review history, i t would be easy to note that companies that have survives the test of time are those that resorted to motivational leadership.   After all, everybody knows that employees are the core of every organization. To think otherwise is suicide.Although there are still leaders who resort to the â€Å"old† style of leadership where they confine decision-making within the realm of big bosses, they are fast fading away.   It is probably because they have realized how important varied inputs are to make an organization dynamic and progressive.At the end of the day, it is still the call of leaders or managers to choose the kind of management that they wish to impose in the office. They are the Pied Pipers of the industry and whatever they may decide on will affect not only their lives, but the lives of their subordinates as well.To put it succinctly, the following characteristics should be possessed by a leader so that he can effectively lead a group.First, a leader must know how to k eep communication lines open within the group. As it has often been said, communication is the essence of organized activity and organizations function as a container within which communication takes place. By making sure that the communication process is seamless, he has already taken the step to make his organization more vibrant and dynamic.Second, there should be transparency between the leader and the members. To do this, the leader must make sure that a meeting is regularly scheduled to get both sides of the fence. This way, miscommunication is minimized and members will feel that they are vital to the group.Third, he should have the ability to combine caution with optimism.   He has to create a general outlook of optimism regarding what the changes he may want to implement. Any change in any group is often met with resistance and an effective leader must know how to deal with this.Fourth, he has to learn how to modify socialization tactics.   He must always remember that the primary way that people learn culture is through the socialization process.Lastly, he must find and cultivate innovative leadership. Group members are unlikely to give up whatever secure stability they derive from existing cultures and follow a leader in new directions unless that leader exudes self-confidence, has strong convictions, a dominant personality and can preach the vision with drama and eloquence.All these characteristics must be possessed by a leader in order for him to be effective. Of course, some effective leaders also falter in their role but generally, they are able to fill up their shortcomings by being able to get up when they fall down. In most cases, for a group leaders are more effective than managers. Technically, they are more or less the same but the latter are most likely inclined to only direct, instead of lead.ConclusionFrom the gathered data, it would be natural to conclude that an effective leader must know how to rally members behind the group†™s goals and objectives.   He must not only possess sound judgment and magnanimity, but most importantly, he has to have a charismatic character that will make him stand-out in the group.It is not easy to become an effective leader.   One has to go through several missteps before he can effectively handle a group, but there is nothing really that practice cannot help improve.The most important thing that a leader has to bear in mind is that he has to lead several employees and whatever decision he makes will affect other lives.   It is for this reason that he must be very carefully about his management style.   Motivational factors of employees are imbedded in the leadership style of a manager, and this can only work if the manager will be able to recognize this fact early on.In the end, an effective leader is somebody who knows how to motivate group members into achieving their goals by encouraging teamwork to reach some kind of consensus amid varied ideas and beliefs.In the advertising agency mentioned earlier, the behaviour of the managers or leaders need not change because right from the start they have been advocates of liberal leadership where motivating employees are first and foremost in the over-all agenda. They recognize that once the right motivation is given to the subordinates, it will boost the morale of the employees.   From here, it goes without saying that this advertising agency will continuously evolved to become one viable organization internally.In a nutshell, it would be important to recap that motivation of employees is very important in ensuring a dynamic organization.   However, the right motivation can only be given by leaders or managers who encourage employee-participation in every endeavour. Ultimately, these leaders are those that discourage authoritarianism.BibliographyAvery, Christopher M. (2000). How Teamwork Can be Developed as an Individual Skill. The Journal for Quality and Participation.Colwell, Joy L. (2001). Beyond Brainstorming: How Managers Can Cultivate Creativity and Creative Problem-Solving Skills In Employee. Supervision.Schwartz, Andrew E. (1994). Group Decision Making. The CPA Journal.Taylor, Thomas. (1994). Public Dispute Resolution. Lecture presented for the Mediation Theory and Practice course at Florida State University Law School on April 16, 1994. Florida Conflict Resolution Consortium, Tallahassee, Florida.Vroom, V. H. & Jago, A. G. (1988). The new leadership: Managing participation in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, N. J.: Prentice Hall.Vroom, V. H. & Yetton, P. W. (1973). Leadership and decision-making. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.Waitley, Denis and Maryann Rosenthal. Becoming a Proactive Leader. www.betttermanagement.comWhitman, Gilbert L. (1987) Leadership and Motivation (Management Skills Workshop) Bureau of Law and Business Reports, Madison, CT.

A Marketing Information System I Information Technology Essay

A Marketing Information System I Information Technology Essay Introduction: A Marketing Information System is a routine, planned, gathering, sorting, storage and retrieval system for market information relevant to the operation of a particular business. Most except the largest businesses do not have much of a marketing information system, if at all, with executives perhaps relying on reading a few trade publications and the monthly reports of their staff.As far as I am aware you cannot buy a ready made marketing information system suitable for any market, rather you have to organise your own, specific to your markets, your staff and your decision needs. The more volatile your markets, the more your organisation wishes to get ahead of the pack, the more you wish to be a winner, the more you are able to respond to emerging opportunities or threats faster than your competition, the more you could perhaps benefit if you organised the routine gathering of up to date pertinent market information from within and without your organisation so that it i s to hand, to warn, and to present opportunities to your organisation. Here the overall analysis was made on a Specific Company’s Marketing Information Systems Which is HSBC Ltd. The overall report begins hereand also some of the materials are attached in the Appendix section. About HSBC: HSBC is one of the largest banking and financial services organisations in the world. HSBC’s international network comprises about 10,000 offices in 76 countries and territories in Europe, the Asia-Pacific region, the Americas, the Middle East and Africa. Through an international network linked by advanced technology, HSBC provides a comprehensive range of financial services. Corporate communications for ‘The World’s Local Bank’ means informing employees in 76 countries about the latest HSBC news, legislation, HR and legal issues. History of HSBC: The HSBC Asia Pacific group represents HSBC in Bangladesh. HSBC opened its first branch in Dhaka in 17th December, 1996 to provide personal banking services, trade and corporate services, and custody services. The Bank was awarded ISO9002 accreditation for its personal and business banking services, which cover trade services, securities and safe custody, corporate banking, Hexagon and all personal banking. This ISO9002 designation is the first of its kind for a bank in Bangladesh. Realizing the huge potential and growth in personal banking industry in Bangladesh, HSBC extended its operation to the personal banking sector in Bangladesh and within a very short span of time; it was able to build up a huge client base. Extending its operation further, HSBC opened a branch at Chittagong, two branch offices at Dhaka (Gulshan and Mothijheel) and an offshore banking unit on November, 1998. Another branch has been opened at Dhanmondi on 1st of March, 2003. Till date, the number of employees of this bank in Bangladesh was 180. HSBC Bangladesh is under the strict of supervision of HSBC Asia Pacific Group, Hon g Kong. The Chief Executive Officer of HSBC Bangladesh manages the whole banking operation of HSBC in Bangladesh. Under the CEO, there are heads of departments, who manage specific banking functions e.g. Personal banking, corporate banking, etc. Currently HSBC Bangladesh is providing a wide range of services both individual and corporate level customers. In 2000, the bank launched a wide array of personal banking products designed for all kinds of (middle and higher middle income group) customers. Some such products were Personal loans, car loans, etc. Recently the bank launched three of its’ personal banking products – Personal Secured Credit, Personal secured loan & Automated Tele Banking (ATB) service, Credit Cards, ATM, Day& Night Banking Service and Easy Pay Machines. These products are designed to meet the diverse customer needs more completely.